It does not embrace any port of Europe, or any port of Asia or Africa upon the Mediterranean. I avail myself of this occasion to offer you renewed assurances of my distinguished consideration. JAMES BUCHANAN P.S.-I have the honor of communicating to you, herewith, a copy of the opinion of the Secretary of the Treasury on the subject of this note.* For text, see 4 Miller 785. BOUNDARIES (OREGON TREATY) Treaty signed at Washington June 15, 1846 Senate advice and consent to ratification June 18, 1846 Ratifications exchanged at London July 17, 1846 Entered into force July 17, 1846 Proclaimed by the President of the United States August 5, 1846 9 Stat. 869; Treaty Series 1201 The United States of America and her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, deeming it to be desirable for the future welfare of both countries that the state of doubt and uncertainty which has hitherto prevailed respecting the sovereignty and government of the territory on the northwest coast of America, lying westward of the Rocky or Stony mountains, should be finally terminated by an amicable compromise of the rights mutually asserted by the two parties over the said territory, have respectively named plenipotentiaries to treat and agree concerning the terms of such settlement-that is to say: the President of the United States of America has, on his part, furnished with full powers James Buchanan, Secretary of State of the United States, and her Majesty, the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, has, on her part, appointed the Right Honorable Richard Pakenham, a member of her Majesty's most honorable Privy Council, and her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States; who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles: ARTICLE I2 From the point on the forty-ninth parrallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of her Britannic Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the 1 1 For a detailed study of this treaty, see 5 Miller 3. 'For a declaration signed Feb. 24, 1870, approving the maps prepared by commissioners appointed to survey the boundary, see TS 129, post, p. 157. middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's straits to the Pacific Ocean: Provided, however, That the navigation of the whole of the said channel and straits south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude remain free and open to both parties. ARTICLE II From the point at which the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude shall be found to intersect the great northern branch of the Columbia river, the navigation of the said branch shall be free and open to the Hudson's Bay Company, and to all British subjects trading with the same, to the point where the said branch meets the main stream of the Columbia, and thence down the said main stream to the ocean, with free access into and through the said river or rivers, it being understood that all the usual portages along the line thus described shall in like manner be free and open. In navigating the said river or rivers, British subjects, with their goods and produce, shall be treated on the same footing as citizens of the United States; it being, however, always understood that nothing in this article shall be construed as preventing, or intended to prevent the Government of the United States from making any regulations respecting the navigation of the said river or rivers not inconsistent with the present treaty. ARTICLE III In the future appropriation of the territory south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, as provided in the first article of this treaty, the possessory rights of the Hudson's Bay Company, and of all British subjects who may be already in the occupation of land or other property lawfully acquired within the said territory, shall be respected.2 ARTICLE IV The farms, lands, and other property of every description belonging to the Puget's Sound Agricultural Company on the north side of the Columbia river, shall be confirmed to the said company. In case, however, the situation of those farms and lands should be considered by the United States to be of public and political importance, and the United States' Government should signify a desire to obtain possession of the whole, or of any part thereof, the property so required shall be transferred to the said Government, at a proper valuation, to be agreed upon between the parties.3 3 For settlement of claims, see treaty signed at Washington July 1, 1863 (TS 128), post, p. 154. ARTICLE V The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by her Britannic Majesty; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London, at the expiration of six months from the date hereof, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. Done at Washington the fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-six. Signed at London December 15, 1848 Senate advice and consent to ratification January 5, 1849 Ratifications exchanged at London January 26, 1849 Entered into force January 26, 1849 Proclaimed by the President of the United States February 15, 1849 1 9 Stat. 965; Treaty Series 121 2 The United States of America and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, being desirous to promote the friendly Relations existing between their respective Citizens and subjects, by placing the communications by Post between the Territories of the United States and those of Her Britannick Majesty upon a more liberal and advantageous footing, have resolved to Conclude a Convention for this purpose, and have named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say, The President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, George Bancroft, a Citizen of the United States, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Her Britannick Majesty; And Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable Henry John Viscount Palmerston, Baron Temple, a Peer of Ireland, a Member of Her Britannic Majesty's most Honorable Privy Council, a Member of Parliament, Knight Grand Cross of the most Honourable Order of the Bath, and Her Britannick Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles: ARTICLE I There shall be charged upon all letters not exceeding half an Ounce in Weight, conveyed either by United States' or by British Packets between a Port in the United States and a Port in the United Kingdom, an uniform |