near the city of Marrietta, O., two plates of silver and copper which resembled the ornament worn on the broadsword of the ancient Briton or Welshman. The thousands of relics, in the various metals found in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi, in mounds and caves were the product of the Welsh, because they have always the best miners and workers in metals in the world. Centuries before the Christian era the Phoenicians carried on a large trade in the metals with the inhabitants of the British Isles, and the mines of our Upper Lake regions were doubtless worked by the Welsh in the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It is thought that the forests have overgrown and conceal from view many of the ancient works in the Lake Superior region.

General Bowles, a chief of the Cherokees who visited London on official business in 1792, was asked by several Welsh gentlemen if he knew anything of the Welsh Indians. He replied in the affirmative, saying that the name was given them because of their complexions. The gentlemen then informed General Bowles of the times and circumstances of Madoc's voyages, when he replied: "They must have been as early as that period, otherwise they could not have increased to be so numerous a people." He spoke of a Welsh prisoner who had escaped from Mexico, made his way across the continent to the Welsh tribe of Indians, with whom he was able to converse.

In 1764 Maurice Griffith a native of Wales and a prisoner in the Shawanese nation, was permitted to accompany a party of six of the tribe in a journey of exploration to the source of the Missouri. They passed through about ten nations of Indians, and met three white men in the Indian dress who spoke pure Welsh, tho they occa

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sionally made use of a few words with which Griffiths was not acquainted. He did not reveal to them his nationality. These men took them to their village, a journey of four or five days, where the travelers found that the whole nation was of the same color, having the European complexion. On the arrival of the strangers a council was held at which they were allowed to be present, the supposition being that they were not acquainted with the language of the tribe. The question before the council was what conduct should be observed toward the strangers. From the fact that the visitors had weapons it was concluded they were a warlike people bent on conquest, and it was determined that they should be put to death. Griffith, then, greatly to their astonishment, addressed them in the Welsh language, telling them that the object of their journey was to trace the Missouri to its source. The king and his chiefs at once placed confidence in the declaration, abandoned the design of putting Griffith and his companions to death, and from that moment treated them with the utmost friendship. These people said that their forefathers had come up the river from a very distant country. They had no books or records. Their arms were bows and arrows, and for a cutting implement they used a stone tomahawk.

Griffith and his companions were absent about two years and a half. They returned to the Shawanese Nation, where Griffith remained a few months, when he made his escape and told the story of his adventures.

John Sevier, at one time Governor of Tennesee, writes that a chief of the Cherokee Nation, who was one of his prisoners during a campaign against that tribe in 1782, told him that the remakable fortifications found in the western country had been "handed down by their forefathers," and that

the works were made by white people who had formerly inhabited the country. Originally the CheroOriginally the Chero kees lived in what is now South Carolina, but owing to wars they moved to the upper Missouri. Governor Sevier asked the chief if he had ever heard any of his ancestors say to what nation of people the whites belonged. He answered: "I heard my grandfather and other old people say that they were a people called Welsh; that they had crossed the great waters and landed near the mouth of the Alabama river, and were finally driven to the head of its waters, and even to the Highwasse River, by the Mexican Spaniards." A French Western explorer also informed Governor Sevier that he had traded with the Welsh tribe of Indians on the upper Missouri, that they spoke much of the Welsh dialect, and often told him that they had sprung from a white people. In a report to Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, in 1753, it is shown that the Governor of Canada knew of the sistence of Welsh Indians "on a large river that runs to the Pacific Three young priests whom he sent, in Indian dress, to make an investigation found them to be Welsh, and brought back with them some old Welsh Bibles.

ocean."

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Gen. Morgan Lewis, once Governor of New York State, was a prisoner during the French war, and was signed, with others to certain Indians as their share of prisoners. General Lewis met a chief who spoke the Gaelic language (a dialect of the Celtic, with which, as a native of Wales, he was acquainted), somewhat modified, of course, by usage and lapse of time. He addressed the chief in Welsh and was understood.

The Mandan Indians, a small, lightcolored tribe on the banks of the upper Missouri are believed, by George Catlin, the well-known student of

Indian life, to be a branch of Madoc's colony. He says that the ten ships of Madoc, or a part of them, either entered at the mouth of the Mississippi or landed on the Florida coast and made their way inward. They began agriculture, but were attacked and compelled to erect the large earthen fortifications, and subsequently were driven still further and further inward. Mandans was a 'corruption of Madawgys, a name applied by the Welsh to the followers of Madoc. Mr. Catlin advances the following reasons for believing the Mandans are Welsh :

"They are of medium height and not as stalwart as Indians usually are. Their hair is of all colors instead of straight black. They wear beards and have different colored eyes--bazel, gray and blue. Their villages are skillfully built of substantial materials. Their ancient earthen works and huts are built in Druidic circles, counterparts of those along the paths of their migrations. Their canoes, made of skins, are shaped exactly like the Welsh coracle, a boat which has been used by Welsh fishermen from time immemorial and which is made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oilcloth. Their religious belief is a corruption of Christianity. The resemblance of their language, in form and sound, to the Welsh tongue, where many words do not agree as to certain letters, show a resemblance in the pronounciation."

Dr. Morse, who made a tour among the Western Indians in 1820, mentions a report, current at Fort Chartres among the old people in 1781, that Mandan Indians had visited that post and could converse intelligently with some Welsh soldiers then in the British army.

It is believed that America was discovered by the Welsh from the many traces of the Celtic language

found among the Indian dialects. The names of tribes, persons, places, rivers, and of many living and inanimate objects on the American continent are undoubtedly of Celtic origin. In 1683 Sir Thomas Herbert published a list of words taken from the Indian dialects which have an undoubted Welsh origin: groeso, wel. come; qwendawor, white or limpid water; bara, bread; tad, father; mam, mother; buch or buwch, cow; llunog, fox; coch y dwr, a red water-bird. Then, again, Allegheni (Allegheny) is a compound word, composed of allu, mighty, and geni, born, or "mighty born." This is the name of the people who once dwelt among this immense range. Appomattox signifies appwy, appoint or name, and Mattox, Madoc or Mattoc, hence Madoc's name. Those who have an acquaintance with the Moquis and Mohave tongues declare that they contain Welsh words. Relics with Celtic inscriptions have been unearthed, and Aztec and Spanish chroniclers confirm researches respecting the pres ence of Celtic words in the old Aztec language.

From all this testimony, gathered at such times and under such circumstances as to preclude the idea of preconcerted arrangement, it is claimed that the Welsh landed on this continent prior to its discovery by Columbus, arriving in 1170 A.D., under the leadership of Prince Madoc.

Y Guir yn erbyn y bid: The Truth against the World.-New York Independent.

MEDICINE FOR THE SOUL.

BY MRS. JENNIE H. JONES, CINCINNATI, 0.

[Read before the Cambro-American Society, Cincinnati, O.]

(Concluded from last number, page 332.) "But," it is asked, "shall a wellselected course in reading contain fiction?" Yes, provided it be used as

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sparingly and as judiciously as are confections and condiments in food for the body. A diet composed largely of sweetmeats or one too highly seasoned, produces, we are told, slowly but surely, chronic dyspepsia. Dyspepsia of the soul is of all diseases the most deadly, and its insidious advances must be repelled, even at the cost of the keenest temporary enjoyment. All of the soul's food must be wholesome as well as palatable, and even the spices must lack no desirable quality with respect to composition or flavor. A story, be it purely ficticious or founded on fact, be it pathetic or humorous, is worse than useless unless it be written for some wise purposc. The object or moral need not be stated, but should be woven into the entire work with such keen tact and unerring certainty as to produce the desired effect upon the mind and heart of the reader. strongly marked individuality of a purely ficticious character, may leave an impress quite as deep and abiding as does that of the living hero or the historic statesman. Honest convictions may result as effectively from the reading of a story as from an abstruse treatise on ethics or a learned dissertation on theology. The novelist who by means of his story excites the imagination to a healthy action, who affords amusement and relaxation for the weary and depressed, or who stimulates the emotional nature in the contemplation of ideal life and character, is as potent an agent in promoting the soul's welfare as is the scientist, the historian, or the metaphysician. Let it be remembered that whereas an innocent soul may be permanently stunted and enfeebled by the poisonous draughts of aj Zola, it may be healthfully stimulated by the refreshing beverages of a Scott, a Dickens or a George Eliot. The best novels are of no insignifi

cant value as instructors. Sir Walter Scott, the novelist, is also the teacher of history. The novel often throws upon the canvas of the reader's imagination the scenery and topography of countries and localities, and conveys in graphic form information regarding manners and customs of nations ancient and modern. The brush of the novelist has painted England's verdant meadows and fragrant hedge-rows, Italy's cloudless skies and crystal lakes, the glowing scenes of the Orient, and the picturesque grandeur of nature in the Occident. It has depicted the surpassing beauty of dearly beloved Wales with its charming waterfalls, limpid streams, revered mountains, and historic castles. "From the pages of a novel," says one, "we bave watched a fellow-being suspended over the yawning gulf of temptation, and have recoiled with horror as the poor fellow took the fatal plunge, or we have felt the thrill of joy as he emerged triumphant from the scene of trial." Young people will, either openly by permission, or stealthily in defiance of authority, read fiction. It is, therefore, the part of wisdom to see that fiction high in its tone and moral in its tendency be put within their reach. Let them be directed in the selection of novels that make incident subservient to character, advancement in wealth and station subordinate to advancement in morals and intelligence, and the personal happiness and aggrandizement of the hero of less consequence than the welfare of a community or the weal of humanity. Refined humor in the right place and at the right time, is not only a wholesome but a necessary ingredient in the soul's aliment. The English physician knew that it was not the bodies of his patients, but their souls that were sick, when he wrote under his prescriptions, "Read a few pages

of Peregrine Pickle." Another who was equally intelligent, declares that the visit of a clown or a juggler to a village benefited the health of the inhabitants more than would twenty wagon-loads of medicine sold by the apothecary. There is true philosophy in the old saying, "Laugh and grow fat," and while deeply grateful for the gigantic intellects that have blessed humanity with words of sober wisdom and works of profound erudition, let us not forget those who, by their sallies of wit and humor, have helped to assuage its sorrows and dry its tears. In In pun and parody, in repartee and epigram, in jest and raillery, the weary and depressed of all ages have found healthful relaxation and innocent amusement. The professional jester who, centuries ago, contributed his share of condiments to the feast of royalty, led, though unwittingly to the fulfillment of hygienic laws, and it may safely be predicted that he who wore the cap and bells was sometimes of greater real utility than he who swayed the scepter and wore the crown.

Some one has said that the day on which one has not once laughed, is the day most wholly lost. When your soul has been filled to its utmost capacity through the study of your theological authors; after holding long and close communion with your favorite scientists and metaphysicians; when you have feasted sumptuously upon the sublime creations of Dante and Milton, stop and take a draught from the mirth-giving fountains of Shakespeare, Fuller, Charles Lamb, Sydney Smith, Tom Hood or Charles Dickens. Let your strong food be spiced with the innocent witticisms of Punch, Mark Twain, or Artemus Ward, and the result will be a healthier, stronger, better-proportioned, better-equipped and more finely balanced intellectual being. But while

all this may be true, it must never be forgotten that if the soil is to be productive the plowing must be deep, and those books which, in order to yield their richest fruit, have necessitated the closest appreciation and the deepest thinking, will retain the highest place, not only in the memory, but in the understanding and the heart.

Among those who mold the literary tastes of the people of to day, the journalist occupies an important and responsible position. Young and old, men and women, boys and girls, read the newspapers, and the circle of readers is constantly widening. The irresistible power of the press should be a power for good only. The atmosphere in which it is produced has become vitiated and unwholesome. Its partisan unfairness and glaring inaccuracies, its undue eagerness to be the first teller of the news, its unscrupulous interference with the sacred affairs of families and of individuals, the aid it lends to sensational and dishonest advertisements, and the grossly vulgar character of much of its contents, are among the evils which all pure-minded people will condemn and seek to eliminate. Whatever is provided for the soul's use must be of such a quality as to lessen the demand for the dangerous nos trums of the quack or the poisonous potions of the unscrupulous. A soul in order to be healthy, must have wholesome food, to develop fully it must have exercise, and its specific defects must be met with specific remedies. In our guidance of others, let us recommend that only which is wholesome and healing. Let no case of intellectual starvation, disease or death, be attributable to our want of care or lack of intelligence. We can lead the lonely soul to sweet companionship, the weary to unfailing rest, the hungry to a sumptuous banquet, the sorrowing to a perennial fountain

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of joy, for in the language of Bulwer Lytton, "Laws die; books never."

There is another volume, not written by the finger of man, and which all young people should be taught to study and to love. It is the great book of Nature, the pages of which are always open, and which all may possess without money and without price. Let the children study through the microscope whenever possible, the wondrously constructed snow crystals and the multitudinous forms of beauty in the flowers. Let the fossil tell them the thrilling story of its life, death and petrifaction. Let them learn to listen to the songs of the rustling leaves and of the bubbling brooks. Teach them to chant the grand hallelujah composed by the great Eternal at the creation of the universe, when the morning stars first sang together. Thus lead them from nature up to nature's God.