The powers of such boards are purely investigatory. There is as yet no effort by law for creating a permanent state organism with the function of artificially creating a demand for labor. See § 70. § 70. State Aid to the Unemployed.—Legislation with the aim of giving direct aid or employment by or through the agency of the state, being in its nature purely socialistic, has not yet been attempted by any of our states. Massachusetts, by a law of 18941 appointed a commission on the unemployed, with large powers of inquiry and investigation and a substantial appropriation; and among their recommendations was one that cities or other municipal corporations should anticipate public work in times of distress. The nearest statute to direct appropriation that we find is that of Utah (1894, Ch. 10), which was called "An Act to aid needy laborers," and appropriated $2,000 to be spent by a board of relief specially appointed for that appropriation in labor on capitol grounds. This sum was expended, as appears by a later act of the same year (Ch. 82), which ordered that such $2,000 should be paid by the state treasurer "without regard to other warrants registered in advance;" that is, a preference was given to 1 Mass., 1894, 238. this debt over all other debts of the state. Although the amount was small, the principle was a dangerous one and not likely to be followed in the older states. The principles of state socialism have not yet been applied in the law of any American state, unless it be in the South Carolina liquor statute, which, giving the state a monopoly of that business, "nationalizing" the liquor traffic, was for that reason declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of that state.2 2 McCullough v. Brown, 41 S. C., 220 (see § 2). This decision was afterward differed from in a later case, the court having been in the meantime reconstituted (State v. Aiken, 42 S. C., 223), but only on the ground of police regulation (see § 4). INDEX A Abducting children out of State, 64. Acts of Parliament, omnipotent (see Statutes), 2. Adulteration, laws against, 22. Age of employment of children (see Children). Agricultural labor (see Farm Labor), exempted from laws Alien labor, employment of, forbidden, 119, 123. American colonists, inherited knights of, 3. Anarchist combinations, necessarily criminal in Illinois, 197. etc.). Apprenticeships, 17, 138, 139. Arbitrary power, exists in no government (see Natural Arbitrary statutes, benefiting or injuring special persons or Arbitration, State Boards for, created, 348, 362. private or local boards established by law, 359, 361. State Boards may hear appeals from local, 354, note. Assignments of wages must be recorded, etc., 125. Attachment, no property exempt from for labor debts, 126, 127. may not be made unless wage debts settled, 129. Attorneys-at-law, may not buy promissory notes, 14. special fees allowed in labor cases, 133. B Begging (see Children). Bells and whistles rung in cities for convenience of oper- atives, 149. Benefit societies, money due from, not attachable, 132. Blacklisting, cases of, 37, 300, 301. statutes forbidding, 301, 302. Blackstone, on rights of American settlers, natural rights, Bodies of coal miners, may be recovered by mandamus, 150. Bond for costs, not required in labor suits, etc., 133. Bonds from employees, exaction of regulated, in New Mex- Boycott, Captain's case, 224. Boycotts, Boycotting, 175, 222, 289. are generally unlawful, 223. subject offenders to damages, injunction, and criminal process, 224, 310-312. examples of, 225–289. Parnell's case, 242, note. by producers or employers of each other, 266, 267. see Restraint of Trade. American statutes relating to, 283-289, 303, 304. Brickyards, labor in, 69. Breach of labor contract, forbidden, 33, 34. enticement to, unlawful, 28, note. British Constitution, 1-3. Building laws, subject to police power, 21. Business, right to engage in, etc., 13. unlawful for employees to coerce alteration in, 24. |