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BURSTEAD (GREAT), a parish in Essex, 2 m. S4 m. E of Kington, and near the Oxford canal. Area of Billericay. Area 4,420 acres. Pop. 2,168, of whom 1,284 were in the chapelry of Billericay. BURSTEAD (LITTLE), a parish in Essex, 3 m. SW of Billericay. Area 1,320 acres. Pop. 170. BURSTOCK, a parish in Dorsetshire, 5 m. WNW of Beaminster. Area 970 acres. Pop. 307.

BURSTWICK, a parish in the E. R. of Yorkshire, BURTON-HASTINGS, a parish of Warwickshire, 9 m. E by S of Hull. Area 5,720 acres. Pop. 810, 33 m. ESE of Nuneaton, intersected by the Roman of whom 247 were in the township of B.-cum-Sheck-road called Watling-street, and by the Ashby-de-laling. Zouche canal. Area 1,910 acres. Pop. in 1841, 276. BURTON-JOYCE, a parish of Nottinghamshire, 5 m. ENE of Nottingham. Area 1,940 acres. Pop. in 1841, 764.

BURTON-UPON-STATHER, a parish of Lin- | colnshire, 11 m. SW of Barton-upon-Humber, at the mouth of the Trent. Area 3,860 acres. Pop. in 1841, 799. BURTON-BY-TARVIN, a township in the p. of Tarvin, Cheshire. Area 320 acres. Pop. in 1841,

79.

BURTON-ON-TRENT, a market-town and parish, partly in the co. of Derby and partly in the co. of Stafford; 125 m. NW by N of London, and 21 m. E of Stafford; comprising the townships of Branson, Burton-Extra, Horninglow, Stretton, and Winshill, and the chapelry of Chilcote. Area of p. 10,180 acres. Pop. in 1841, 8,136. The town consists chiefly of two principal streets, one running parallel with the Trent, which is navigable for barges up to the town, and is crossed by an ancient bridge of 36 arches, and 1,545 ft. in length. The chief manufacture is that of cotton, power-looms being used in weaving it. Extensive iron-forges and tool manufactories are established here; and there are hatfabrics, tanneries, and rope-works. B. has long been celebrated for the excellence of its ale. A canal from this place to the Grand Trunk canal facilitates considerably the transport of goods; and the Birmingham and Derby junction railway has a station within am. of the town, by which it is 304 m. from Birmingham, and 11 m. from Derby.

BURTON-UPON-URE, a township in the p. of Masham, N. R. of Yorkshire, 5 m. SSW of Bedale, E of the river Ouse, chiefly agricultural. Area 2,920 acres. Pop. in 1841, 200.

BURTON-CUM-WALDEN, or WEST BURTON, a township in the p. of Aysgarth, N. R. of Yorkshire, 7 m. SW of Middleham. Area 6,950 acres. Pop. in 1841, 523.

BURTON-WEST, a parish of Nottinghamshire, 33 m. SSW of Gainsborough, bounded on the E by the Trent. Area 710 acres. Pop. in 1841, 35.Also a tything in the p. of Alfold, Sussex. Pop. in 1841, 201.

BURTON-ON-THE-WOLDS, a township in the p. of Prestwold, Leicestershire, 33 m. ENE of Loughborough, E of the river Sour. Area 1,690 acres. Pop. in 1841, 448.

the vicinity of which is the ferry of the Kursora, and a fine Mogul bridge across the Narussia.

BURWA, BURWAH, or locally HAZARY BAUGH, & town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Bahar, district and 87 m. WSW of Ramgur, on the 1. bank of the Soauk river. It is the head-quarters of the district Sepoy

corps.

BURWALLA, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Gujerat, district of Arratum, 50 m. WSW of Ĉambay, on the 1. bank of the Outouly.

BURWANI, a town of Hindostan, in the district of the same name, prov. of Kandeish, 30 m. SW of Maundu. It is surrounded by a double wall and ditch, and contains a gurry and a palace 6 stories in height, but both much dilapidated. The district running along the S bank of the Nerbudda is about 65 m. in length, and 45 m. in breadth, intersected by the Satpura range of mountains.

BURWARDSLEY, a chapelry in Cheshire, 43 m.
SSW of Tarporley. Area 1,400 acres. Pop. 458.
BURWARTON, a parish in Salop, 10 m. NE of
Ludlow. Area 1,170 acres. Pop. 151.
BURWASH, a parish in Sussex, 6 m. SE by S of
Wadhurst. Area 6,840 acres. Pop. 2,093.

BURWELL, a parish in Lincolnshire, 6 m. SSE of Louth. Area 2.190 acres. Pop. 174.-—Also two united parishes and a village in Cambridgeshire, 4 m. NW by W of Newmarket. Area 6,505 acres. Pop. 1,820.

BURWELL BAY. a village in Isle of Wight co., Virginia, 69 m. SE of Richmond.

BURWELL LAKE, a lake in the township of Bosanquet, in the W district of Canada West, 3 m. from Lake Huron. It is about 4 m. in length, by 2 m. in breadth; and is bordered by a considerable extent of marsh land.

BURWHA, a town of Bornu, on the W shore of Lake Tchad, in N lat. 13° 51'.

BURY, a parish and parliamentary burgh in the co.-palatine of Lancaster; 194 m. NNW of London; 8 m. NNW of Manchester; and 44 m. SSE of Lancaster; on the E bank of the Irwell; comprising the townships of Coupe-Lench Newhall, Elton, Henheads, Musbury, Walmersley, and the chapelries of Heap, Tottington Higher and Tottington Lower. BURTONWOOD, a chapelry in the p. of War- Area of p. 22,600 acres. Pop. in 1801, 24,482; in rington, Lancashire, 34 m. SW of Newton-in-Maker-1831, 47,829; in 1841, 62,125. Pop. of the township field, near the Liverpool and Manchester railway and the Sankey canal. Area 4,250 acres. Pop. in 1841, 836.

BURTRASK, a town of Sweden, in the prov. and 50 m. NNE of Umea, and 22 m. NW of Lofanger.

BURU, one of the Molucca islands, in the Ceram group. It is about 75 m. in length, and 35 m. in breadth; and is said to be exceedingly fertile, producing large quantities of rice and sago, and many kinds of beautiful cabinet-wood. The pop., which has been estimated at 60,000, chiefly consists of Moors and Alforas. On the NE coast, in S lat. 3° 24', E long. 12o 4', is a spacious harbour, and a Dutch fort. BURUDDA. See BARODA.

in 1801, 7,072; in 1831, 15,086; in 1841, 20,710. Assessed property of township in 1815, £16,546; in 1842-3, £62,178. The ancient staple manufacture of woollen is still carried on here; but the great manufacture is that of cotton. In 1838 there were 17 woollen mills here, with 888 hands; and 114 cotton mills, in which 13,652 hands were engaged. The large calico-printing and other establishments, formerly belonging to Sir R. Peel, extend a considerable way along the banks of the Irwell; there are also large bleaching-grounds in the neighbourhood.-The general appearance of this town is rapidly improving by the widening, paving, and lighting of its streets, and the removal of many old dilapidated buildings. It possesses a public subscription library, a news-room, a botanical institution, a mechanics' library, a medical library, and a savings' bank. The canal from this town to Manchester conduces very materially to its trading prosperity; and the East Lancashire line connects it with Manchester and Liverpool on the one hand, and with Accrington, Burnley, Blackburn, BURUNJUK, a district of Khiva, lying on the S and Preston, on the other. Some very important coast of the Mertovi-Kultuk, or Dead bay of the Cas-improvements in different arts have been made here. pian, in the Usturt.

BURUHAN, a town on the coast of the island of Samar, in the Philippine group, in N lat. 11° 40'. BURUJERD, a town of Persia, in the prov. of Irak, 40 m. from Hissar. Pop. 12,000.

BURUJON, a town of Spain, in New Castile, in the prov. and 12 m. WNW of Toledo, near the N bank of the Tagus.

BURUT, a town of Afghanistan, in the district of Shoruwuk, 125 m. SSW of Kandahar.

BURWA, a village of Hindostan, in the prov. of Orissa, district and about 39 m. NE of Kuttack, in

In 1738 John Kay, a native of B., but at the time residing at Colchester, invented a new mode of throwing the shuttle, by means of the picking-peg; and in 1760 his son, Robert, invented the drop-box, by which the weaver can, at pleasure, use any one

of three shuttles. The invention of setting cards by machinery also belongs to this place. This town now returns one member to parliament. The number of electors in 1847 was 903. The government of B. is vested in three constables, chosen annually at a court-leet held under the Earl of Derby. B. is a place of considerable antiquity, although its present importance is of modern origin. In the Magna Britannia, published in 1738, it is described as "a little market-town." By some it is supposed to have been a Roman station.

BURY, a parish in Huntingdonshire, 1 m. S of Ramsey. Area 2,480 acres. Pop. 359.-Also a p. in Sussex, 4 m. N of Arundel. Area 3,340 acres. Pop. 611.-Also a town of Belgium, in the prov. of Hainault, 9 m. SW of Ath. Pop. 679.

BURZET, a canton and commune of France, in the dep. of Ardeche, arrond. of Largentière.-The cant., comprising 4 com., had a pop. of 5,878 in 1831. -The com., 12 m. N of Largentière, has a pop. of 3,516. There are silk and woollen manufactories here.

BUSACH, a town of Switzerland, in the cant. of the Grisons, on the 1. bank of the Glener, 2 m. S of Vrin, and 26 m. SW of Chur.

BUSACHI, a prefetture and town in the island of Sardinia, 22 m. NE of Oristano. Pop. of t. 1,887. BUSACO, a convent in Portugal, in the prov. of Beira, on a ridge 22 m. N of Coimbra, called the Sierra de Busaco, extending N from the river Mondego. The monks are of the Carmelite order, and their system is to a great extent modelled on that of La Trappe. The prospect from the highest point of the convent is one of the most extensive in Portugal; but that which gives the place a title to notice is the memorable action fought here on 27th September, 1810, between Massena and Wellington. The superior force of the French had obliged the British genfarther retreat upon Lisbon, availing himself, however, of occasional opportunities of resisting in favourable positions. Of this description was the Sierra de Busaco; and two desperate attacks here made by the French on the retreating forces,-the one on the right, the other on the left of the highest ground,-proved totally unsuccessful. The right, consisting chiefly of British troops, allowed the enemy to come within a short distance, after which they pushed forward, and drove them from the ground. On the left the Portuguese bore a large share in the honour of the repulse. The loss on the British and Portuguese side, in killed and wounded, was nearly 1,200 men; that of the enemy is supposed to have been three times as many; but the latter being still greatly superior in numbers detached a force to march round the N extremity of the mountain, in the hope of cutting off the allied troops from Coimbra, whereupon Wellington retreated first on that city, and afterwards to the lines of Torres Vedras.

BURY-ST.-EDMUNDS, a parliamentary borough and market-town, in the co. of Suffolk, situated on the W side of the Larke, in the midst of a richly cultivated tract of country, 31 m. NW of Ipswich, and 74 m. NE of London. Area of p. 3,040 acres. Pop. in 1801, 7,655; in 1831, 11,436; in 1841, 12,538. The town is well-built, and contains some handsome pub-eral to retire from Almeida, and to contemplate a lic edifices. The most remarkable buildings are the shire-hall, on the site of the ancient church of St. Margaret, the guild-hall, wool-hall, the market-cross, and theatre. The church of St. Mary is a fine Gothic structure of the 15th cent., with an exquisitely carved roof. The belfry of St. James is one of the noblest specimens of Norman art in the kingdom. The only manufacture carried on in B. is one of light woollen stuffs, lately established in the workhouse. The chief business is the wool-trade. The town is connected with the Eastern Union railway by a line to Ipswich, 26 m. in length, which was opened in December 1846. The Larke becomes navigable to Lynn for barges about 1 m. from the town. This burgh sent members to parliament in the 30th Edward I., but not afterwards until the 18th of James I., since which time it has always returned two representatives. The number of voters registered in 1837 was 665; in 1847, 763.-B. was a place of considerable importance previous to the introduction of Christianity into Britain, and is thought to have been the Villa Faustina of the Romans. In Saxon times it was named Beodric's worthe, or 'the dwelling of Beodric,' whose possession it was at the time of the heptarchy, and by whom it was bequeathed to Edmund, who succeeded his uncle Offa, as king of the East Angles, and being murdered by the Danes, was canonized as a martyr. It was from this St. Edmund, or rather from a monastery founded here in honour of the royal martyr, that the town derived its present name. This town shares with Runymede the hon-S our of producing Magna charta, a meeting of the barons having been convened here to deliberate on the charter of Henry I. During the reign of the Plantagenets, several parliaments were held here. The celebrated John Lydgate, translator of Boccaccio's Latin poem, 'De casibus Virorum et Fœminarum Illustrium,' was born here. It was also the native place of the able but cruel Bishop Gardner; and of Humphry Repton, the celebrated landscape gardener. BURYAN (ST.), a parish in Cornwall, 5 m. SW of Penzance. Area 6,970 acres. Pop. 1,911. BURYTHORPE, a parish in the E. R. of Yorkshire, 5 m. S of New Molton. Area 1,020 acres. Pop. 226.

BURZEN, a river of Transylvania, an affluent of the Aluta, into which it falls, after a course of 35 m., at Brenndorf. It gives name to the valley through which it flows, which is called the Burzenland. BURZENIN, a town of Poland, in the gov. of Kalitsch, in the obwod and 12 m. SSE of Sieradz, on the 1. bank of the Warta. Pop. 500.

BUSACQUINO, a town and district of Sicily, in the district and 8 m. SW of Corleone. Pop. 8,000. BUSAIDA, a village on the coast of Tripoli, in N lat. 31°, E long. 17° 40′.

BUSBACH, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of the Rhine, in the circle and 6 m. E of Aix-la-Chapelle. Pop. 1,000. Lead and calamine are mined in the vicinity.

BUSBY (GREAT and LITTLE), two townships in the p. of Stokesley, in the N. R. of Yorkshire, 24 m. of Stokesley. Area 2,090 acres. Pop. of Great B., 114; of Little B., 34.

BUSCA, a town of Sardinia, in the prov. and 12 m. NW of Cuneo, on the river Maira, at an alt. of 1,374 ft. above sea-level. Pop. 8,500.

BUSCEMI, a town of Sicily, in the district of Noto, on the slope of Monte Laura. Pop. 600. BUSCHALOWATZ, a town of Servia, in the sanjak and SW of Semendria.

BUSCOT, a parish in Berks, 4 m. NW by W of Great Farringdon, on the Thames. Area 2,910 acres. Pop. 405.

BUSEA, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Delhi, district and 55 m. W of Sirhind.

BUSECK, a town of Hesse-Darmstadt, in the circle and 4 m. E of Giessen, on the Wieseck. Pop. 1,360.

BUSEMPRA. See BOOSEMPRA.

BUSENWORT, a village of Denmark, in the duchy of Holstein, near the coast, 8 m. N of the entrance of the Elbe.

BUSEO, a district and village of Wallachia, on a

river of the same name, an affluent of the Sereth. | the state of Pennsylvania, U. S., on a creek of the Pop. of district 4,500.

BUSH, a small river of co. Antrim. It rises on the S side of Slievenory, and has a WNW course of about 25 m. to the sea at Port Ballentrae.

BUSHBURY, a parish in Staffordshire, 3 m. N by E of Wolverhampton. Area 7,610 acres. Pop. 1,509. BUSH CREEK, a town in Washington co., in the state of Arkansas, U. S. Pop. 298.-Also a town in Sciota co., in Ohio. Pop. 401.

BUSH ISLAND, a low sandy island, being a reclaimed sand-bank, in the mouth of the Yang-tseKiang river, on the coast of China, opposite the junction of the Whangpu.

BUSHEAB, an island in the Persian gulf, in N lat. 26° 50'. It is about 12 m. in length, and from 4 to 5 m. broad, and runs parallel to the coast at a distance of from 3 to 4 leagues.

same name flowing into the Delaware. Pop. 1,716. BUSHKURD. See BELUCHISTAN, p. 670. BUSHLEY, a parish in Worcestershire, 2 m. NNW of Tewkesbury. Area 1,740 acres. Pop. 334. BUSHMEN, BOSCHMEN, or BOSJESMENS, a wild race of people

in the W part of Southern Africa, who roam over the immense plains to the N of Cape colony. They appear to be a branch very anciently separated from the Hottentots. Hunger and cold, and every species of privation and distress, have cramped their growth, and dwindled them down to a stature the most diminutive; the middle size of the men being about 4 ft. 6 inches; and of the other sex 4 ft.; many are several inches below this stand

ard. They are hideously ugly in shape and feature. The outline of the face is triangular and concave; the cheek-bones are

high; the chin and forehead sharp and prominent; the nose is flat, the lips are thick and projecting,-the eyes small, obliquely placed in the head, narrow, sunk, keen, and always in motion.

their colour is a dirty yellow, or that of a withered tobacco leaf, and is usually concealed by a coating of dirt and grease,-their legs, thighs, and arms, are lean, withered, and divested of all appearance of muscle,-while the joints are large, and the belly is protuberant! The clothing of the men by day and night consists of a raw skin of a sheep, goat, or antelope, to which the women add a belt of the same material; to this is appended in front another piece of skin cut into narrow thongs. They sometimes wear round their ancles twisted thongs of skins, and have bits of copper, or shells, or glass beads round their neck, or dangling from the curling tufts of their greasy hair,-hair, unlike that of any other human beings, growing in little detached pellets on the scalp. Every B. carries a small bow of about 2 ft. 6 inches in length, with a quiver on his back filled with barbed arrows about 18 in. in length, and poisoned by the juice of the Illstuck in a fillet of skin round the head; and he has generally teris bulb; these, when he sallies forth to fight or plunder, are thrust through the cartilage of his nose a piece of wood or a porcupine-quill. The hut of a B. is nothing more than a mat of rushes or tong-grass, bent between two sticks into a semicircular shape over a hollow in the ground, scooped out like the nest of the ostrich, in which he coils himself round when he lies down to sleep; frequently his only abode is the shelter afforded by the rocks or caverns of the mountains. Their language consists of snapping, hissing, grunting nasal sounds. Yet they are said to be a keen-witted race, and to exhibit an extraordinary talent for mimicry. Communities or families, of a character similar to what we understand by the term Bushmen, inhabit all the barren wastes several missionary stations have been occupied with considerable of Great Namaqualand. To the north of these miserable people, success, and by means of these missions we have been made acquainted with a considerable tract of country formerly unknown

BUSHMILLS, a small market-town, in the parishes of Dunluce and Billy, in co. Antrim, on the Bush river, 64 m. NE of Coleraine. Pop. 788. BUSHWANAS. See BECHUANAS.

BUSHEHR, or BUSHIRE, a town and well-frequented harbour of Persia, in the prov. of Fars, on the Persian gulf, in N lat. 29°, W long. 50° 51', 120 m. WSW of Shiraz. It occupies the N extremity of a sandy peninsula, 11 m. long, and 4 m. broad; and is encircled on all sides but the S by water. In high tides and storms it has sometimes been completely insulated. Vessels drawing above 18 ft. cannot enter the harbour, but remain in the roads, where the anchorage, protected from the N by the island of Karak and the coast, is good. The town is of a triangular form, and is fortified on the land side by a mud wall, mounting a few pieces of cannon. The streets are very narrow; and, although presenting a handsome appearance from a distance, B. is but a mean place in reality. The principal dwellings are all flat-roofed and terraced, and there are no domes or minarets seen among them. The town stands on a very slight eminence, shelving gently down to the beach on either hand. One-third of the houses are mere unroofed reed enclosures. Provisions and fruits are cheap and excellent; but the water must be brought from a distance of 2 m.; nor is it to be obtained of a good quality nearer than 16 m. The heat also is intense; and the climate, especially in the fall of the year, very unhealthy. B. is the principal entrepot for the supply of Persia with Indian goods; and likewise receives all goods coming from Europe and destined for the S parts of the empire. The exports are Persian commodities, such as carpets, silks, horses, wine of Shiraz, rose-water, drugs; and the imports are Indian goods of different kinds, sugar, steel, tobacco, and English broad cloth. The English East India company have a factory at this place, and the resident possesses considerable influence in the town. The resident merchants are chiefly Persians and Armenians. The pop.-"a disagree-long. 16° 1'. Pop. 100. able mixture of the Arab and the Persian" [Buckingham]-is variously estimated at from 8,000 to 15,000. The common language is a bad dialect of Persian. A plain or belt of land about 40 m. in width occupies the space between B. and the chain of mountains which intervenes between it and Shiraz. The whole of this plain has the climate and vegetation of Arabia, the only objects to be seen upon it being palm-trees; but in the gardens about 3 m. from B. the soil begins to be arable, and aloes, pomegranates, and orange-trees are met with.-Fraser.-Kinneir.-Buckingham.-Fontanier.

BUSHWICK, a township in King's co., in the state of New York, U. S., 3 m. E of Brooklyn, on Newtown creek. Pop. 1,295.

BUSHY ISLAND, an island in Clarence strait, on the NW coast of America, in N lat. 56° 17', W long. 132° 42'.-Also an island on the W coast of Van Diemen's Land, m. N of Mount Wellington, at the entrance of Macquarie harbour.

BUSI, an island of the Adriatic, off the coast of Dalmatia, 8 m. SW of Lissa, in N lat. 42° 57′, E

BUSI, or BoisI, one of the Bissagos islands on the W coast of Africa, adjacent to Bisao, on the W side. It is thickly wooded, and inhabited by a very fierce tribe of Papels.

BUSIGNY, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Nord, cant. of Clari. Pop. 2,275. BUSIR. See ABUSIR.

BUSIR-BENA, a village in the Delta of Egypt, near Sebennytus, in the neighbourhood of which are some traces of the ancient Busiris.

vicinity.

BUSK, a village of Austria, in Galicia, 18 m. NE of Lemberg, on the Bug. Pop. 2,981, of whom BUSHEY, a parish in Hertfordshire, 2 m. SE by about 500 are Jews. There are iron-furnaces in the E of Watford. Area 3,130 acres. Pop. 2,675. BUSHI, a district on the r. bank of the Niger, extending between Bachinku and Egga. It comprises about 40 towns or villages; and the pop., said to amount to 30,000, are represented as an industrious people, who weave excellent cotton cloth.

BUSHKILL, a township in Northampton co., in

BUSKERUD, or BUSKEREDS, a bailiwick or administrative division of Norway, in the dio. of Aggerhuus; bounded on the N by the amts or bailiwicks of Nordre Bergenhuus and Christiana; on the E by Aggerhuus; on the S by Jarlsberg and Bradsberg; and on the W by Sondre Bergenhuus. It has an