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to supplement their training; (7) ministers and Bible students who would fit themselves better to use the Scriptures; (8) parents uncertain how to deal wisely with their children; in short, all who desire a broader knowledge or a more thorough scholarship.

3. Method of Instruction.-Each correspondence course is designed to be equivalent to the corresponding residence course, and contains therefore a definite amount of work. A major (Mj) calls for an amount of work which a student in residence would be expected to accomplish in twelve weeks, reciting five hours per week. A minor (M) calls for one-half as much work as a major. The resident student who does full work completes three majors every three months, but the correspondence student is allowed from twelve to fifteen months, according as he registers early or late in the quarter (or, if extension of time is granted, of from twenty-four to twenty-seven months) for completing whatever number of major or minor courses he applies for. On the other hand he is permitted to finish courses as rapidly as is consistent with good work. Courses are of two kinds, formal and informal.

a) The formal course furnishes a systematic and progressive presentation of the subject in a given number of lessons. Each lesson contains: (1) full directions for study, including references to the textbooks by chapter and page; (2) necessary suggestions and assistance; (3) questions to test the student's methods of work as well as his understanding of the ground covered. After preparing for recitation the student writes his answers to the questions and mails them to the instructor, together with any difficulties which may have arisen during his study. This recitation paper is promptly corrected and returned. In like manner every lesson is carefully criticized by the instructor and returned, so that each student receives personal guidance and instruction throughout the course.

b) The informal course is designed for students who are pursuing studies of an advanced nature. The course is usually arranged between instructor and student to meet the particular needs of the latter. The formal lesson sheet is dispensed with, but the course is carefully outlined by the instructor, and the student is required to present satisfactory evidence that the work is being properly done. This evidence may consist of a number of short papers on special themes, a thesis covering the whole work, or it may partake rather of the nature of ordinary correspondence.

Courses are formal when not otherwise indicated.

4. Admission.-No preliminary examination or proof of previous work is required of applicants for correspondence courses. Before matriculating or registering a student, however, the University does require certain information and reserves the right to reject applicants, or to recommend other courses than those chosen, if the data furnished on the application blank justify such action. If the correspondence student later comes to the University of Chicago, he must comply with the requirements for admission to residence courses. (See this Register, pp. 97-109.)

5. Recognition for Work.-(a) A certificate is granted for the satisfactory completion of the recitation work in any major or minor course.

b) Admission credit is given for courses covering college-entrance requirements, which are satisfactorily completed and passed by examination.

c) College credit is given for courses of a college grade satisfactorily completed and passed by examination.

6. Regulations.—(a) The University of Chicago grants no degree for work done wholly in absence. A minimum of nine majors (one year's work) of residence study at the University of Chicago is required of everyone upon whom any degree, except the Master's is conferred.

b) Correspondence courses are accepted as meeting the study requirement for the different degrees as follows:

(1) The candidate for a Bachelor's degree (A.B., Ph.B., or S.B.) may do eighteen of the required thirty-six majors of college work by correspondence. (2) The candidate for the Master's degree (A.M., Ph.M., or S.M.) may not offer correspondence work for any of that required for this degree, inasmuch as the maximum resident time and study requirement for this degree (nine months and eight majors) does not exceed the minimum resident time and study requirement for any degree.

(3) The candidate for the Doctor's degree (Ph.D.) should consult the head of the department in which his work lies before choosing correspondence courses for credit. Very few non-resident students command the necessary library or laboratory facilities for graduate study.

7. Scholarships.-Scholarships yielding tuition in residence are awarded to those who satisfactorily complete and pass a given number of correspondence courses.

III. THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF SACRED LITERATURE

HISTORICAL STATEMENT

As early as 1879 a growing realization of inadequate opportunities for biblical instruction became apparent among educators. Dr. William R. Harper, Professor of Hebrew in the Baptist Theological Seminary at Morgan Park, Ill., prepared a series of textbooks for the study of Hebrew and New Testament Greek by modern methods. In February, 1881, a correspondence school of Hebrew was organized by him under the name of the Institute of Hebrew. Twenty students constituted the initial class. The Institute was encouraged and fostered in its work by about seventy teachers of Hebrew and the Old Testament connected with educational institutions throughout the country. There was no distinction of views, men of widely differing schools of thought uniting in this common effort. The student body increased so rapidly that in its first year forty-four states and eight foreign countries were represented. In time it became increasingly evident that the opportunities of the school must be extended to students of the English Bible. In 1889 a reorganization was effected, and an institution having a much broader purpose was established under the name of The American Institute of Sacred Literature. In the first prospectus the aim of the new organization is stated in the following terms: "To promote the philological, literary, historical, and exegetical study of the Scriptures by means of such instrumentalities as may be found practicable." This ideal has not been changed, although changing circumstances and demands have involved modifications in methods and work.

In 1891 the headquarters of the Institute were removed from New Haven to Chicago and located at the University of Chicago, the principal of the Institute having accepted the presidency of that institution.

Since the organization in 1879 the demand for popular work had been continually increasing. It was felt that the Institute should be a medium through which the many biblical scholars engaged in teaching in universities and seminaries throughout the country might come in contact with the people. Accordingly the Council of Seventy was organized in 1895 and the Institute was placed under its direction. The headquarters were located at the University of Chicago, and the Executive Committee, or Senate of the Council, appointed from members of the Council in the institutions of Chicago. The organization was not endowed, and the constantly growing work being endangered by the lack of essentials to a permanent existence, the Council of Seventy unanimously consented to accept the opportunity given them by the trustees of the University of Chicago to incorporate the Institute in the University Extension Division of the University and to continue its work under the advantages offered by association with a wellestablished educational institution. This transfer was formally consummated July 1, 1905.

PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION

It is the province of the Institute as a whole to conduct all non-residence work of whatever character in subjects pertaining to Sacred Literature. It is the purpose of the University to provide through the Institute for churches, schools, pastors, teachers, and the general Christian public, facilities for nonresident study in the Bible and kindred subjects in such a variety of forms, grades, and topics, that satisfactory aid may be given to any person or group of persons seeking assistance, advice or training, in topics associated with religious education. The officers of administration are the President of the University, the Secretaries of the University Extension Division, and the Executive Committee of the Sacred Literature Section.

WORK OF THE INSTITUTE

The Lecture-Study and Correspondence Courses offered in the Institute of Sacred Literature are described under their respective departments in the preceding pages.

In the Reading and Library Department of the Institute are included all courses of prescribed reading, professional or non-professional, elementary study courses without correspondence instruction for individuals or groups, and rapid survey courses for the training of Sunday-school teachers.

In the conduct of Professional Reading courses a list of books in a given subject is recommended after approval by the Council of Seventy, and the reader is provided with special reviews of these books, and with further suggestions for reading outside the prescribed courses. In more elementary reading courses a monthly bulletin of suggestions and questions for consideration is sent to the student. In elementary study courses the work is conducted by means of a pamphlet containing suggestions and directions for daily study with review questions. In rapid survey courses the work is

more comprehensive and accompanied with suggestions for reading and experimental work such as would be of especial assistance to the Sundayschool teacher. Students are given the privilege of frequent consultation by mail. Leaders of clubs have special assistance.

For work done in the Reading and Library Department certificates are issued to students on the accomplishment of each course. Such certificates do not entitle the student to credit toward a degree.

All fees are payable in advance. The fee for an elementary study course is fifty cents; for professional reading courses, one dollar; for a training course, five dollars. No matriculation fee is required for work in the Reading and Library Department.

THE COUNCIL OF SEVENTY

At the request of the President of the University, and in accordance with the wishes of the Executive Committee of the Sacred Literature Section, the Council of Seventy, with its members and associate members, constitutes an Advisory Board, to which all matters of educational importance are submitted. The declaration of principles which the Council authorized in 1895, is representative of its attitude and of the spirit and purpose of the work of the Institute.

THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES AND LABORATORIES1

THE LIBRARIES

THE LIBRARY STAFF

ZELLA ALLEN DIXSON, Associate Librarian.

WILLIAM ISAAC THOMAS, Superintendent of Departmental Libraries.
JOSEPHINE CHESTER ROBERTSON, Head Cataloguer.

CORA BELLE PERRINE, Head of Accession Department.

CLARENCE ALMON TORREY, Inspector of Departmental Libraries.

CORA MARGARET GETTYS, Loan Desk Assistant.
BARINKA CLARA NEUHAUS, Loan Desk Assistant.
ANNA SOPHIA PACKER, Accession Assistant.
JULIA LOUISE DICKINSON, Assistant Cataloguer.

MARGARET ANNE Hardinge, In Charge of Traveling Libraries.
RUTH EDNA MORGAN, Second Assistant Cataloguer.

MARY LOUISE BATES, Assistant in Historical Group Library.
SARAH ELLEN MILLS, Assistant in Historical Group Library.
ANITA STURGES, Second Assistant in Historical Group Library.

EMMA L. DICKINSON, Assistant in Biological Library.

EDWARD ATWOOD HENRY, Assistant in Haskell Library.

ALBERT. ELLSWORTH HILL, Assistant in Modern Language Libraries.

WALTER ROBERT RATHKE, Assistant in Classical Library.

EMILY BANCROFT Cox, Assistant in Lexington Hall Library.

STORRS BARROWS BARRETT, Librarian at Yerkes Observatory Library.
FREDERICK WILLIAM SCHENK, Librarian in the Law Library.

IRENE WARREN, Librarian in the School of Education.

LIBRARY ADVISERS

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR WILLIAM ISAAC THOMAS, Historical Group.
PROFESSOR IRA MAURICE PRICE, Haskell Library.

PROFESSOR CARL DARLING BUCK, Classical Library.

PROFESSOR EDWIN BRANT FROST, Yerkes Observatory Library.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER, Modern Language Libra

ries.

PROFESSOR CLARKE BUTLER WHITTIER, Law School Library.

PROFESSOR ELIAKIM HASTINGS MOORE, Mathematics and Astronomy.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CHARLES RIBORG MANN, Physics.

PROFESSOR ROLLIN D. SALISBURY, Geology and Geography.

PROFESSOR FRANK RATTRAY LILLIE, Biology Library.

DR. HERMANN IRVING SCHLESINGER, Chemistry.

1 For the Board of Libraries and Laboratories, see p. 84.

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