the herbarium of J. A. Sanford, illustrating the flora of the lower San Joaquin Valley; the herbarium of E. R. Drew, containing twenty-two hundred specimens of mainly California plants, and many hundreds of specimens from the resident collectors of Oregon, Washington, and Northern Idaho.

Supplementing the West American material is an herbarium of the grasses of the United States, presented by the United States Department of Agriculture; an excellent representation of the silva and flora of the Southern United States, obtained partly by exchange and partly by purchase; fine representation of the Australian flora from the late Baron von Mueller, the government botanist; several boxes of choice American plants sent in exchange from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; and a number of packages of Asiatic and other plants, obtained by exchange with the royal gardens at Kew, England. The herbarium has been further increased by the addition of the flowering plants and ferns of the herbarium of Professor Setchell, including several thousand specimens from the Eastern, Central, and Southern United States.

II. A Cryptogamic Herbarium, containing over four thousand sheets, particularly illustrating the California species, represents the work of the instructors and students. The large collections of the lower cryptogams, belonging to Professor Setchell, are deposited with the Botanical Department and are accessible to advanced students.

III. A Botanical Museum is being gradually formed. It contains, at present, the Voy collection of native woods, cones, and tree photographs; a recent collection of cones, to which constant additions are being made; a small collection of native fruits; an economic collection; and a large collection of drugs, acquired from the United States Department of Agriculture by Assistant Professor Jepson and presented to the department.

Cabinet Woods. A large collection of woods of the Pacific Coast and Pacific Islands, presented by C. D. Voy.

Zoology. Good collections of both invertebrates and vertebrates. The collections of marine invertebrates from the Pacific Coast, especially of the groups colenterata, bryozoa, echinodermata, annelida, crustacea, and tunicata, are rich and are being rapidly increased. There is a large type collection of California molluscan shells, and besides a general collection in the same group of twenty-three hundred species. In entomology the Agricultural Department possesses a collection of over two thousand well determined species of beetles made by E. Ricksecker, and purchased for the University by J. M. McDonald, M. Cook, and Cutler Paige. Besides this, Professor Woodworth is

rapidly increasing the collection of West American beetles. There is also a large collection of lepidoptera. The collections of amphibia, reptilia, birds, and mammalia are fairly representative of the California fauna in these groups. The collection of Alaskan birds and mammals

was a gift by Mr. John H. Turner of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The collection of vertebrate skeletons has been greatly enriched during the past year by the addition, through gift by Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst, of about fifty new types. These were selected with the view of supplementing the forms already possessed; and the collection of types is now complete for the purposes of general instruction in comparative anatomy. The large Alaskan collections given to the University by the Alaska Commercial Company have been recently transferred to the Ferry Building in San Francisco for temporary exhibition, and the natural history specimens are there available for study by students carrying on investigations.

Palaeontology. The collections of the Geological Survey, which have become the property of the University, contain either the types or representative specimens of nearly all the known California fossils. In addition to this, the paleontology of the State is illustrated by a collection of splendidly preserved fossils, collected by C. D. Voy and presented to the University by Hon. D. O. Mills.

A large collection, purchased some years ago by legislative appropriation, represents fully the development of invertebrate life in North America. A carefully selected series of crinoids, from the celebrated locality near Crawfordsville, Indiana, is one of the most interesting features of the paleontological department of the Museum.

As the result of the work of four palæontological expeditions sent out by friends of the University, there has been brought together a large collection of vertebrate fossils representing fully the extinct faunas of this coast.

A number of valuable invertebrate and vertebrate fossils have been donated to the University during the past year.

Structural Geology. A number of fine models of the most interesting geological regions, chiefly of the United States, and embodying the results of the researches of the United States Geological Survey, but partly of other countries. To these has recently been added an excellent relief map of the peninsula of San Francisco from latitude 37° 30′ to the Golden Gate, on a scale of two inches to the mile, the map having been constructed by the Department of Geology.

Economic Geology. Sets of specimens from many mines on the Pacific Coast-gold, silver, copper, quicksilver, iron, and coal-showing for each mine the ore minerals, veinstones, wall-rocks, and other important features.

Mineralogy. A very large collection, fully arranged, and supplied with ample case room. It completely illustrates the instruction in mineralogy and offers inexhaustible material for investigation, facilities for which are freely placed at the disposal of the student.

Mineralogical Models. Deposited in the Mineralogical Museum is a collection of glass and wooden crystal models, the former illustrating fully the relations of holohedral, hemihedral, and tetartohedral forms.

Petrography. The collection contains many hundred rock specimens from the Eastern States and Territories, from England and the European Continent, and a very large number of California rocks, collected by the corps of the State Geological Survey and by C. D. Voy. The collection of rock-sections for microscopic study contains over three thousand slides, numbered to correspond with the hand specimens from which the slides were prepared. The California rocks are being determined and placed in the collection.

Machine Models. A small but valuable collection of machine models, the basis of what will ultimately become an extensive and important collection; and a cabinet of mathematical models, for use with the classes in descriptive geometry and in the draughting-room.

Civil Engineering Models. This department has a large and excellent assortment of models, in wood, of the various bonds used in masonry, and of joints and fastenings in carpentry. It possesses a number of models in wood, iron, and brass of the most noted roof-trusses; also, models of bridges, walls, arches, gateways, and domes. Diagrams of many noted European and American structures are used in the classrooms. There is also an admirable supply of surveying and hypsometrical apparatus.

A large collection of photographic slides of engineering apparatus and structures in process of erection, of photographs, and of technical drawings, is in use by the department.

Agriculture. A collection of more than two thousand specimens of the soils of this State, to which frequent additions are made. The character of the several agricultural regions of California is thus fully illustrated, and the material forms the basis for continuous investigations in the agricultural laboratory. The collection of cereals embraces over three hundred varieties of grains, both in the ear and in cleaned samples, from various localities; illustrating the diversities caused by soils and climates.

A general collection of seeds is being formed, for the special purpose of a seed-control station. The work of collecting has now been prosecuted for several years by special students, and a standard collection of five hundred species has been donated by the United States

Department of Agriculture. Requests for the examination of seedsamples as to their purity are frequently made, and the need of greater attention to this point has thus been conspicuously exemplified. A complete apparatus for testing the purity and germinating power of seeds has been provided.

The collection of olive seeds embraces fifty-seven varieties from every region of the State. The olive-oil collection from different varieties grown in the State illustrates the effects of soil, climate and methods.

By Act of the Legislature the College of Agriculture received on January 1, 1896, the valuable collection of viticultural and enological apparatus and the library gathered during fourteen or fifteen years by the State Viticultural Commission. The library is probably the most complete of its kind in America.

Donations to the museums of the University are gratefully received. Messrs. Wells, Fargo & Co. will transport such gifts to the University gratuitously, if the weight of the package does not exceed twenty pounds. Special instructions for collecting and forwarding any particular kind of material will be furnished to any who may desire them.

LABORATORIES.

The Psychological Laboratory is well equipped for instruction and for original investigation. Eleven rooms specially designed and constructed for the purpose, on the second and third floors of the Philosophy Building, are set aside for this use. The building itself is isolated, and in its construction great care has been taken to diminish the disturbance from sound. The laboratory includes a demonstration room, well lighted and furnished for class instruction, and thoroughly wired for the electric control of complicated apparatus, as well as for lighting and lantern projections; this and other rooms may be darkened when necessary. There is, besides, a special dark-room, windowless and black throughout, communicating by a guarded aperture with an anteroom for optical instruments used in connection with the darkroom; this dark-room may also be used as a silent-room, being protected by double walls, floors, and doors. Besides an apparatus room for storing instruments and materials, and a photographic darkroom, there are five rooms for special experimentation.

The laboratory has its own electric station, with a variety of primary and secondary batteries connected with a switch-board, which, besides the battery terminals, voltmeter, ammeter, and rheostat, contains the terminals of from four to eight wires from each room in the laboratory. The rooms may thus be electrically interconnected in any manner

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desired, and from two to four independent circuits established in each room in connection with the central batteries. The switch-board is also connected with the dynamos of the electrical building of the University, making it possible to use the power circuit in any room. A circuit independent of the switch-board provides light throughout the laboratory.

The equipment includes the more important psychological instruments of late pattern from the best makers-a Baltzar kynograph, a triple magnetic recorder, Wundt's new apparatus for the sense of time, Hipp's chronoscope, Wundt's control-hammer, Appunn's overtone apparatus, tonometer, tuning forks, organ pipe, and resonators, Von Frey's sphygmograph, Mosso's plethysmograph, Marey's tambours, Marbe's rotation apparatus, besides many other instruments, together with the necessary subordinate appliances required. There is a good collection of models and casts of the brain and sense-organs, and an assortment of materials for demonstration and experiment, and for the construction, by those working in the laboratory, of the simpler contrivances for special problems. The laboratory has its own shop, with bench and tools for working in wood and metal.

The Physical Laboratory occupies several large rooms in East Hall, besides the entire basement floor of South Hall, and thus secures favorable conditions as regards stability and evenness of temperature. There are set apart rooms for elementary and for advanced work, for photometry, for spectroscopic research with a Rowland grating, for engine and dynamos, and for a workshop. The apparatus includes many instruments and standards for fundamental measurements from makers of the best reputation, and the laboratory employs a competent mechanician in order to increase the equipment from original designs. It offers good facilities to students who wish to pursue the study of physics beyond the limits of the prescribed course, whether in connection with other subjects, like electrical engineering, astrophysics, the practical uses of polarized light, and physical chemistry, or for the sake of physics itself. Such students may make special arrangements for using the laboratory.

The Students' Observatory. The equipment of the observatory consists of the following instruments: A six-inch refractor, equatorially mounted, with a complete outfit of eye-pieces, filar-micrometer, driving clock, etc.; a spectroscope that may be attached to the equatorial; a Davidson combination transit-and-zenith telescope of three-inches aperature; a three-inch portable equatorial; an electro-chronograph; a Harkness spherometer; a level-trier; sextants; two sidereal chronometers; a Howard clock; and all the necessary electric connections for recording time and determining longitude by the telegraphic method.