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145° 30'. It was discovered by Cook in 1769, and was supposed by him to be 9 m. in length from NE to SW, and 3 m. in breadth; and to be inhabited. CHAINAT, a town of Siam, on the r. bank of the Meinam, 115 m. NNW of Yuthia.

CHAINEZ, a mountain of Brazil, in the prov. of Matto-Grosso, which terminates at the Paraguai, in S lat. 19° 18'.-Also a name by which the E arm of the Rio Porrudos, an affluent of the Paraguai, is sometimes distinguished.

CHA-ING, a town of China, in the prov. of Koeitchou, district of Ngan-chan, 155 m. SW of Koeiyang.

CHAINGY, a commune of France, in the dep. of Loiret, cant. and 7 m. W of Orleans. Pop. 1,705.

CHAINTRE', a commune of France, in the dep. of the Saône-et-Loire, cant. of La Chapelle-deGuinchay. Pop. 542. Wine is grown in the environs.

CHAINITZA, a town of Turkey, in the sanjak of Hersck in Romelia, on an affluent of the Drin. CHAINTRIX, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Marne, cant. of Vertus. Pop. 267. It contains a paper-mill.

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616. It is ill-built; and, with the exception of the castle by which it is commanded, and an alms-house, it contains nothing worthy of notice. Fairs are held monthly.

CHALAIZONE-CATO, a town of Greece, in the Morea, on the W coast, 7 m. SW of Arcadia.

CHALAMONT, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Ain, arrond. of Trevoux. The cant. comprises 11 com. Pop. in 1831, 5,565; in 1841, 6,003. The town is situated on a mountain, near two extensive ponds, 22 m. E of Trevoux. Pap. 1,561. It contains an hospital, and has 6 annual fairs.

CHALANCHES (LES), a hamlet of France, in the dep. of the Isere, cant. of Bourg d'Oysans, and com. of Allemont-en-Oysans. In the vicinity are extensive mines of silver, antimony, &c., discovered in 1767.

CHALANÇON, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Ardeche, cant. of Vernoux, 19 m. SW of Tournon. Pop. 1,043.

CHALANTHRISTA, a town of Greece, in the Morea, on the r. bank of the Kaminitza, 15 m. from the entrance of that river into the gulf of Patras, and 12 m. SSE of the town of that name.

CHALARONNE, a small river of France, in the dep. of the Ain, which takes its rise in the environs of Marlieux, cant. of Chalamont; passes ChâtillonEles-Dombes; and, after a total course of 18 m. from SE to NW, falls into the Saône on the 1. bank, a little below Toissey.

CHAISE DIEU (LA), a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Haute-Loire, arrond. of Brionde. The cant. comprises 14 com. Pop. in 1831, 10,660; in 1841, 11,407. The town is situated near the sources of the Sénouire, 18 m. of Brionde. Pop. 1,923. It derived its name from a celebrated Benedictine abbey which was built here in 1406, but suppressed in 1562. The Abbey church is a fine Gothic structure, and contains the mausoleum of Pope Clement VI. Lace forms the chief article of local manufacture. Numerous fairs are held here.

CHAISE-LE-VICOMTE (LA), a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Vendee, cant. and 7 m. E of Bourbon-Vendee. Pop. 2,007.

CHAISKOE, a lake of Russia in Europe, in the gov. of Archangel, district and 30 m. SW of Pineg. It is about 30 m. in length, and 6 in breadth. CHAITUR. See CHITUR.

CHAI-YA, a town of Lower Siam, cap. of the district of the same name, situated on the gulf of Siam, on the road from and 100 m. NNE of Ponga. CHAKANOVA, a town of Russia in Europe, in the gov. of Vilna, district and 16 m. NNW of Chavli. CHALA (POINT), a high rocky point on the termination of the morro or mount of that name, on the coast of Peru, in S lat. 15° 48', W long. 74° 31'. It bears WNW W 17 leagues from Atico point. CHALABRE, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Aude, arrond. of Limoux. The cant. comprises 16 com. Pop. in 1831, 11,348; in 1841, 11,498.-The town is situated on the r. bank of the Lers, at the entrance of two fertile valleys, 15 m. WSW of Limoux. Pop. 3,385. It contains a parish church and an hospital; and has manufactories of cloth and other woollen fabrics, and woollen spinning-mills. Six fairs are annually held here, the trade of which consists in cattle, mules, horses, pigs, sheep, articles of wooden, iron, and earthenware, wool and woollen fabrics, linen, mercery, &c. On an eminence above the town is the castle, and a fine statue in bronze of the first lord of Chalabre.

CHALADE (LA), a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Meuse, cant. of Varenne, on the Biesme, 22 m. W of Verdun. Pop. 666. It contains some bottle-works.

CHALAIS, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Charente, arrond. of Barbezieux. The cant. comprises 16 com. Pop. in 1831, 10,234; in 1841, 9,066. The town is situated on the r. bank of the Tude, 21 m. SE of Barbezieux. Pap.

CHALAUTRE (LA GRANDE), a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Seine-et-Marne, cant. of Villiers-Saint-Georges, 5 m. NNW of Nogent-sur-Seine. Pop. 1,089.

CHALAUX, a small river of France, in the dep. of Nievre, which takes its rise in the com. of Planchey, and throws itself into the Cure, on the 1. bank, a little below a village of the same name, after a total course from S to N of 24 m. of which about 27 are floatable.

CHALBUANCA, a town of Peru, in the dep. of Ayacucho, on the r. bank of the Pachachaca, 120 m. SÉ of Huamanga.

CHALBURY, a parish of Dorset, 5 m. NNE of Wimborne. Area 440 acres. Pop. 152.

CHALCAN, or CHALCKAUN, a district of India, lying between the great salt morass called the Runn, on the S, and the frontiers of Ajmere, on the N; between the parallels of 24° and 25° N. It is an arid sandy tract, thinly inhabited by Rajputs of the Sodha tribe and Sindeans.

CHALCEDON. See KADI KOI.

CHALCHUAPA, a large well-built village, of the state of San Salvador in Central America, in the district of Santa Anna. The principal occupation of the inhabitants is rearing hogs.

CHALCIS. See EGRIPOS.

CHALCO, a town of Mexico, in the state of Mexico, at the NE extremity of a fresh water lake of the same name, 18 m. SE of Mexico. Pop. 3,000.-The lake, which is only 3 ft. 11 inch. above the level of the city of Mexico, [Thompson,] is navigable for flatbottomed boats from C. to that cap. by means of the narrow canal of Iztapalapan. This canal, both evening and morning, is covered with canoes in which the natives convey the produce of their gardens, fruit, flowers, and vegetables, to the Mexican market. [Ward.] Moveable chinampas, or floating gardens, which were numerous at the time of the conquest, still exist in this lake. They are rafts formed of reeds, rushes, roots, and brushwood, and covered with mould obtained from the bottom of the lake. They are moved by the winds, but can also be pushed in any direction by means of long poles. Some of them,

forming parallelograms of from 300 to 400 ft. in length, | and 20 ft. wide, are fixed.

CHALCOMBE, or CHACOMBE, a parish in Northamptonshire, 34 m. NNE of Banbury. Area 1,730 acres. Pop. 488.

CHALCOVATCH, a village of Turkey, in Bulgaria, situated between Shumla and Dobral, in a valley in the Balcan range, 2 or 3 m. broad, and running E and W.

See BAGDAD.

CHALDEA. CHALDON, a parish in Surrey, 5 m. NE of Reigate. Area 1,380 acres. Pop. 197.

CHALDON-HERRING, or EAST CHALDON, a parish in Dorsetshire, 9 m. WSW of Wareham. Area 3,000 acres. Pop. 285.

CHALE, a parish in the isle of Wight, 74 m. SSW of Newport. Area 1,880 acres. Pop. 610.

CHALETTE, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Aube, cant. of Chavanges, on the Voire. Pop. 350.

CHALEURS BAY, or BAY-DE-CHALEUR, a bay, the largest in the estuary of the St. Lawrence river, which, with the river Restigouche, which falls into it, divides Canada and New Brunswick. Point Miscou, in N lat. 47° 58', W long. 64° 30', forms the S point of the bay, and Cape Mackerel, on the Canadian side, the N point. The two capes are only 15 m. distant from each other; but the length of the gulf, from Point Miscou, W to the mouth of the Restigouche, is about 85 m. Its breadth varies from 15 to 30 m. Its circumf., reckoning from Cape Despair round to Miscou, is 185 m. The bay teems with cod. From this bay to Quebec, and for some miles upwards, on the N side, the country is of a bold mountainous character, and covered with dense forests; on the S side, except within 20 m. of the head of the bay, the interior is low, although along the shores the cliffs are in some places 200 ft. perpendicular. In this bay are several islands, the principal of which are Miscou, about 10 m. in circumf., and Shippigan, which is 20 m. in length. There are increasing settlements all round the shores. The tides are regular within the bay, and the navigation is not difficult. In 1534, Jacques Cartier sailed into this bay, and from the intensity of the midsummer heat which he then experienced, gave it the name of Bay-deChaleur.

CHALFIELD (GREAT), a parish of Wiltshire, 3 m. W of Melksham. Area 1,200 acres. Pop. with Little C., 59.

CHALFONT ST. GILES, a parish and village in Bucks, 3 m. SE of Amersham. Area 3,550 acres. Pop. 1,228. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, was buried in the cemetery of the Society of Friends in this v.; and here Milton resided during the great plague in London, in 1665, while he completed his great poem.

CHALFONT ST. PETER, a parish in Bucks, 4 m. ENE of Beaconsfield. Area 4,930 acres. Pop. 1,483. CHALFORD, a chapelry and village in Gloucestershire, 2 m. NE of Minchinhampton, on the Stroudwater canal. Broad cloth is manufactured here to a great extent.

CHALGROVE, a parish in Bedfordshire, 4 m. NNW of Dunstable. Area 2,130 acres. Pop. 818. In an engagement with Prince Rupert upon Chalgrove-field, a large open plain of nearly 100 acres, on the 18th of June 1643, the patriot John Hampden received his death-wound, near a spot now marked by a plain monument erected on a mound of turf.Also a parish in Oxfordshire, adjoining the above. Area 2,120 acres. Pop. 691.

CHALING, a lake of Mongolia, in the division of Kokonor.

CHALIS, a river of Persia, which rises to the E

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of Inen, in the district of Kelaristakh, in the prov. of Mazanderan, and flows N to the Caspian.

CHALIERS, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Cantal, cant. of Ruines, on the 1. bank of the Truyère, 8 m. SE of Saint-Fleur. Pop. 1,489.

CHALINARGUES, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Cantal, cant. and 5 m. NE of Murat. Pop. 1,499.

CHALK, a parish in Kent, 24 m. SSE of Gravesend. Area 2,040 acres. Pop. 385.

CHALK-LEVEL, a village in Cumberland co., in the state of North Carolina, 44 m. S of Raleigh. ---Also a v. in Humphrey's co., in Tennessee, 70 m. W of Nashville.-Also a v. in Pittsylvania co., Virginia, 150 m. SW of Richmond. CHALKE. See KALKI.

CHALKY BAY, a bay near the SW angle of the S island of New Zealand. Port C. or Port South, on the SE side of the bay, is an excellent harbour, 3 m. long by 1 m. broad.

CHALLA (PASS OF), a pass in the E cordillera of the Peruvian Andes, in S lat. 17° 40'. Alt. 14,700 ft.-Pentland.

CHALLACOMBE, a parish in Devonshire, 10 m. NE of Barnstaple. Area 5,450 acres. Pop. 305. CHALLANS, a canton, commune, and village of France, in the dep. of Vendée, arrond. of Les Sables. The cant. comprises 6 com. Pop. in 1831, 11,160. The com. is 22. m. N of Les Sables. Pop. in 1841, 3,832.

CHALLES, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Sarthe, cant. and 10 m. SE of Le Mans. Pop. 1,258.

CHÁLLOCK, a parish in Kent, 4 m. E of Charing. Area 3,620 acres. Pop. 429.

CHALLOW (EAST and WEST), two chapelries in the p. of Letcomb-Regis in Berks, 1 m. W of Wintage. Pop. of East C., 336; of West C., 248.

CHALMARI, or CHILMARI, a town of Bengal, in the district of Rangpur, on the Brahmaputra river, in N lat. 25° 25', E long. 88° 42'.

CHALMAZELLE, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Loire, cant. of Saint-Georgesen - Couzan, 12 m. NW of Montbrison. Pop. 1,135.

CHALMERS (CAPE), a promontory at the SW extremity of the island of Abingdon, in the Galapagos group, in N lat. 0° 30', W long. 90° 48'.

CHALMERS (PORT), a harbour on the W coast of Montague island, in Prince Williams' sound, off the coast of Russian America, in N lat. 60° 16'.

CHALMERS (PORT), or HOPUTAI, a township in the New Zealand company's settlement of Otago, on the E coast of the Middle island of New Zealand, 150 m. S of Banks's peninsula. It is on the W shore of the narrow channel between the outer and inner portions of the harbour of Otago, or about midway between the entrance of the harbour and its head, on a peninsula-formed bay nearly identical in shape to Port Jackson. Every available part of the ground has been taken advantage of to form two sections along the shores of the bay, and extending back to the opposite bay. At high water the harbour is navigable to within 2 m. of the town for vessels of 60 or 70 tons, and small schooners and boats are constantly plying between Dunedin and Port Chalmers, easily landing their cargo on the beach or jetty; but at low water a long flat beach, which might be reclaimed, presents a great obstacle to the navigation of the bay. The weather is here variable, particularly in April, May, June, and July, which is considered the rainy season. The pop. of the port and the adjacent bay amounts to about 150 souls.

CHALMOUX, a commune and village of France,

in the dep. of Saone-et-Loire, cant. of Bourbon-dence for a short time. It has been repeatedly ravagLaney. Pop. 1,151. ed and burnt; and it suffered greatly during the religious wars of the 16th cent.

CHALON, a hamlet of France, in the dep. of Charente-Inférieure, com. of Le Gua, on an arm of the Seudre, about 10 m. from the sea. Pop. 132. A considerable quantity of salt is made here. CHALONAIS, an ancient division of France, in Burgundy, of which Verdun-sur-le-Doubs was the cap. It is now comprised in the dep. of Saone-etLoire. Also an ancient division of Champagne, of which the cap. was Chalons-sur-Marne, now comprised in the dep. of La Marne.

CHALONNÉS, or CHALONNES-SUR-LOIRE, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Maine-et-Loire, arrond. of Angers.-The cant. comprises 5 com. Pop. in 1841, 11,973.—The cant., on the 1. bank of the Loire, at the embouchure of the Layon, had a pop. in 1841, of 4,927.

CHALO-SAINT-MARS, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Seine-at-Oise, cant. and 4 m. W of Etampes. Pop. 956.

CHALOSSE, an ancient district of France, in Gascony, of which the cap. was Saint-Sever. It is now comprised in the dep. of Landes.

CHALOUPE, a river of Lower Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence opposite Isle Randin, at a point 1 m. above Berthier.

CHALTON, a parish in Southamptonshire, 5 m. SSW of Petersfield. Area 3,470 acres. Pop. with the chapelry of Idsworth, 659.-Also a hamlet in the p. of Toddington, in Bedfordshire. Pop. 224.

NW of Saint-Yrieix. Pop. 1,944. Richard Cœur-deLion received his death-wound while besieging the castle of C. in 1199.

CHALVEY, a chapelry in the p. of Upton in
Bucks. Pop. 674.

CHALVINGTON, a parish in Sussex, 5 m. W of
Hailsham. Area 1,690 acres. Pop. 192.
CHAM. See KHAM.

CHALUS, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Haute-Vienne, arrond. of Saint-Yrieix. CHALONS-SUR-MARNE, or CHAALONS, an-The cant. comprises 8 com. Pop. in 1841, 8,234. arrondissement, canton, and commune of France, in-The com. and town are on the Tardouère, 15 m. the dep. of La Marne.-The arrond. has an area of 162,174 hect. Pop. in 1841, 51,068. It comprises the 5 cant. of C., Ecury-sur-Coole, Marson, Suippes, and Vertus.-The cant., comprising 16 com., had a pop. of 17,189 in 1831; of 20,294 in 1841.-The com. and town is situated in a plain on the r. bank of the Marne, 27 m. SE of Reims, in N lat. 48° 57′ 22′′, E long. 4° 21′ 20′′; at an alt. of 109 metres or 357 ft. above sea-level. It is surrounded by a wall and ditch, and is pretty regularly built, though the greater part of the houses are of wood. The cathedral has two fine open-wrought spires. The hotel-deville is a good building. The principal manufactures are leather, cutlery, cooperage, and hosiery; and it forms an entrepot for wool, oil, and agricultural produce. C. is the see of a bishop, a suffragan of Reims, whose diocese embraces the arrond. of C., Epernay, Sainte-Menehould, and Vitry-le-Francais. It possesses a tribunal of commerce, a communal college, a diocesan seminary, a normal school, a school of arts and manufactures, a botanical garden, and a public library of 20,000 vols. Pop. in 1789, 11,362; in 1831, 12,413; in 1841, 13, 163.-C. was the Catalaunum or Duro-Catalaunum of Roman times. In its neighbourhood Aurelian defeated his competitor Tetricus in 271; and, in 451, the combined forces of the Romans and Visigoths defeated Attila.

CHALON-SUR-SAONE, an arrondissement, canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Saone-et-Loire. The arrond. has an area of 172,614 hectares. Pop. in 1831, 120,461; in 1841, 127,882. It comprises the 9 cant. of Buxy, Chagny, C., SaintGermain-du-Plain, Givry, Saint-Martin-en-Bresse, Mont-Saint-Vincent, Sennecey, and Verdun-sur-leDoubs.-The cant. comprises 24 com. Pop. in 1831, 26,533. The commune and town are situated on the r. bank of the Saone, at the mouth of the Canal-duCentre, 36 m. N of Macon, and 30 m. ESE of Autun; in N lat. 46° 46′ 53′′, E long. 4° 50′ 53′′; at an alt. of 178 metres or 584 ft. above sea-level. It is a clean well-built town, with a fine quay facing the river. It is the seat of the departmental assize court; and has a tribunal of commerce, a communal college, and a public library of 10,000 vols.-Its manufactures chiefly consist of stockings, hosiery, vinegar, mustard, and hydraulic cement. It has an active commerce in wood, wine, vinegar, wheat, and flour; and forms an important entrepot for the transit commerce of the Saone and the Canal-du-Centre. Steam-boats sail betwixt this town and Lyons; and a large fair is annually held here on the 25th of June. It is on the line of the Paris and Lyons railroad now in process of execution. Pop. in 1789, 9,646; in 1841, 13,465. This town was the Cabillonum or Caballinum of Ptolemy. The kings of Burgundy made it their resi

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CHAM, or KAMM, a town of Bavaria, in the circle of Ober-Pfalz-Regensburg, on the r. bank of the Regen, 30 m. NE of Ratisbon. Pop. 2,080.-Also a parish and v. of Switzerland, in the cant. of Zug, at the NW extremity of the Lake of Zug, at the point where the Lorze issues from it to join the Reuse. Alt. 1,340 ft. above sea-level. Pop. 1,162. In the neighbourhood is the Cistercian abbey of Frauenthal, founded in 1231.

CHAMA, a large river of Venezuela, in the prov. of Merida, which rises on the N side of the Sierra Nevada de Merida; flows SSE past Merida; then bends round towards the N, and falls into the bottom of the gulf of Maracaybo.

CHAMA, a town of Upper California, on the r. bank of the Rio Brava-del-Norte, 50 m. NW of Santa Fe, and 25 m. NNW of the confluence of the Chamas.

CHAMAGNE, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Vosges, cant. of Charmes, near the r. bank of the Moselle. Pop. 594.-The celebrated landscape painter, Claude Gellé, better known as Claude Lorrain, was born here.

CHAMAH. See BOOSEMPRA.
CHAMAKHI. See SHAMAHKI.

CHAMAKI, a port on the SE coast of the island of Formosa, in N lat. 22° 9′.

CHAMALA, a town of Mexico, in the prov. of Sonora, at the mouth of the Bayona river, on the r. bank, 40 m. W. of Acaponeta.

CHAMALACON, or CHIMILCON, a river of Honduras, flowing N into the gulf of Honduras at a point ENE 12 m. from Porto Cavallos.

CHAMALARI, or CHUMALARI, a peak of the Himalaya mountains, on the frontiers of Butan and Tibet, in N lat. 28° 4′, E long. 89° 23′, 125 m. N of Cutch-Bahar, estimated alt. 25,000 ft. The Sumanang pass to the W of C. has an estimated alt. of 15,744 ft. above the level of Calcutta.

CHAMALIERES, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Haute-Loire, cant. of Vorcy. Pop. 1,025.—Also a commune in the dep. of Puy-deDome, 1 m. W of Clermont.

CHAMANT (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of Cantal, cant. of Salers, on the r. bank of the Bertrand, 11 m. SE of Mauriac. Pop. 987.Also a com. of France, in the dep. of Corrèze, cant.

of Argental, 15 m. SE of Tulle. Pop. 1,237. is wrought in the environs.

CHAMARTIN, a town of Spain, in New Castile, in the prov. and 4 m. N of Madrid, partido of Colmenar Viejo.

CHAMAS (SAINT), a commune, town, and small port of France, in the dep. of the Bouches-duRhone, cant. of Istres, on the N side of the Etang de Berre, 19 m. from the sea, and 23 m. W of Aix. Pop. in 1841, 2,443. It is divided by a hill into two parts, which communicate by a tunnel; one of these districts is very ancient, and is surrounded by old ramparts, the other called the Partus is modern. The streets are broad and well laid out, and the houses well built. The public squares and fountains, and the church and town-house, are also worthy of notice. The locality is celebrated for its oil and olives. At a short distance from the town, near an old Roman bridge over the Touloubre, are two triumphal arches.

Coal | in 1838 was returned at 15,916.-About 14 m. to the N of the town is a small v. known as Old C.The Lyons railroad is now being pushed forward to C., whence it is proposed to carry it up the valley of the Are by Montmahan and Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne as far as Modane at the foot of the N crest of the Graian and Cottian Alps. From this point it is proposed to carry the line by a tunnel under Mont Cenis to Bardonneche on the Mandovine river, so as to connect the line with Susa on the S side of that immense Alpine barrier. The tunnel, according to the plans which have been submitted to the Piedmontese parliament, will measure 12,290 metres, or nearly 7 m. in length; its greatest height will be 19 ft.; greatest width, 25 ft. Its elevation above sea-level at Bardonneche will be 4,092 ft. Its execution will, it is estimated, occupy five years; and its cost is calculated at 14,000,000 francs. The connecting lines of rail ascending to the tunnel on either side, are to consist of 8 inclined planes of about 5,000 metres, or 23 m. each, worked by stationary engines; and their cost is estimated at 21,000,000 francs more: making a total expense of 35,000,000 francs.-C. was the Camberium or Camberiacum of the Middle ages. The dukes of Savoy resided here before the removal of their seat of government to Turin. The French and Spaniards Elaid siege to this place in 1742, but did not gain possession of it till 1748. The French held possession of it from 1792 to 1815, during which period it was the cap. of the dep. of Mont Blanc.-Grillet Dict. Hist. du dep. du Mont-Blanc et du Leman. 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. -Dict. Geog.

CHAMASSY (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Dordogne, cant. of Saint-Cyprien. Pop. 1,025.

CHAMAYA, a town of New Grenada, in the intendancy of Assuay, prov, and 30 m. SW of Jaen, on the 1. bank of the Maranon, at the junction of the Guancabamba.

CHA-MA-YNG, a town of Mongolia, near the bank of the Thola or Edzinoui, 350 m. ESE of Khamil, and 40 m. N of Chao-ma-vng.

CHAMBA, a district of India, in the Punjab, on the banks of the Ravi. Its cap., of the same name, lies in N lat. 32° 17', E long. 76° 5'.

CHAMBAVE, a village of Piedmont, in the prov. and 15 m. E. of Aosta, on the 1. bank of the DoraBaltea. Pop. 1,000. The environs are celebrated for their wine.

CHAMBERET, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Correze, cant. of Treignac, 27 m. N of Tulle. Pop. 2,656.

CHAMBERS, a county of the state of Alabama, U. S., comprising a superficies of 700 sq. m., bordered on the E by the Chattahoochee river. It presents an undulating surface and a generally fertile soil. Pop. in 1840, 17,333.-The cap. is Chambers or La Fayette, a village consisting of a few dwellings, 164 m. SE of Tuscaloosa.

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CHAMBHARGUNDA, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Aurungabad, 60 m. ENE of Punah.

CHAMBIRA, a town of New Grenada, in the intendancy of Assuay, on a river of the same name, 170 m. NW. of its confluence with the Amazon.

CHAMBLAY, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Jura, cant. of Villers-Farley, on the r. bank of the Losne. Pop. 1,154. It has a considerable trade in timber.

CHAMBLY, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Oise, cant. of Neuilly-en-Thelle, on the Ru-de-Meru. Pop. 1,321. It is generally wellbuilt, and is surrounded by numerous handsome villas. It contains numerous flour-mills, manufactories of arms, gold, silver, and silk tissues, cord, &c., and has two annual fairs. In the environs are exten

CHAMBERSBURG, a town, cap. of Franklin co., in the state of Pennsylvania, U. S., 45 m. SW of Harrisburg, finely situated in the valley of the Coneco-sive tile-works. cheague creek-a branch of the Potomac river. Pop. in 1842, 4,030.

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CHAMBERTIN, a celebrated vine district of France, in the dep. of the Côte-d'Or, cant. and com. of Gevrey, 6 m. S of Dijon. It comprises an area of 25 hectares, and produces annually about 150 pieces of Red Burgundy wine of the best quality.

CHAMBERY [ITAL. Ciamberi], a town of the Sardinian states, the cap. of Savoy Proper. It stands in a fertile plain, near the confluence of the Leysse [L'Eysse or Alisso] with the rivulet Orbanne [Albano]; at an alt. of 930 ft. [Penny Cyclop.], 870 ft. [ Guibert], 900 ft. [Langlois] above sea-level, 43 m. SSW of Geneva. Viewed from the hills on the side of Aix, it appears to advantage, environed with gentle eminences covered with vineyards, with the Alps in the background; but its streets are somewhat gloomy and crowded, and Simond is content to describe it negatively as "a small town, not old, not ugly, and rather clean." None of its public buildings are worthy of special notice. It contains 7 convents, a royal college, several hospitals, and a library of 16,000 vols. Its manufactures consist of silk gauze, fine woollens, paper-hangings, straw hats, thread, and leather. C. is the seat of an archbishop, of a supreme court of justice, and the Royal academy of Savoy.-Its pop.

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CHAMBLY, a county of Lower Canada, in the district of Montreal; bounded on the NW by the river St Lawrence; on the NE by the co. of Verchères; and on the SE by the Chambly river. It is 33 m. in length; and averages 9 m. in breadth. Area 211 sq. m. Pop. in 1831, 15,483.-The river C., sometimes known as the Sorell or the Richelieu, issues from Lake Champlain, and after a course of about 70 m. though a fertile and well-settled country, in which it passes Champlain, Lacolle, Isle-aux-Noix, St Jean, Chambly-Beloiel, and St. Ours, joins the St. Lawrence 45 m. below Montreal, at Fort William Henry, at the head of the delta of the expansion of that river known as Lake St. Peter. It is 250 yards wide at its debouch; but its breadth increases towards Lake Champlain; and the different admeasurements of the length of that lake vary much chiefly in consequence of the different estimates made of that portion of it which may be considered as an arm or prolongation of the lake.— The v. of C. is seated 40 m. up the river; and 7 or 8 m. still higher up is Fort C., which was a port of great importance during the late war as the headquarters of from 6,000 to 7,000 troops. The town of St. Jean, 2 m. above Fort C., is the custom-house at which all goods passing by Lake C. into or out of Canada are entered. About 12 m. above St. Jean,

and 12 m. below Rouse's point, is the British naval station on Isle-aux-Noix.-The C. canal, completed in 1843, at a cost of 400,000 dollars, extends 12 m. from St. John's or Dorchester-which is 157 m. from Whitehall at the head of Lake Champlain, and at the head of the steam-boat navigation on the river C.-to the v. of C., so as to complete the navigation interrupted by the C. rapids. See CHAMPLAIN (Lake). CHAMBOIS, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Orne, cant. of Trun, on the Dive, 7 m. NE of Argentan. Pop. 677. It has manufactories of common woollen fabrics and iron-works. CHAMBOIS, a township in the p. of Bedlington, county of Durham, 7 m. ESE of Morpeth, at the mouth of the Wansbeck. Pop. 109.

CHAMBOL, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Côte-d'Or, cant. of Gevrey, 13 m. SW of Dijon. Pop. 493. The environs produce the most highly esteemed wines in Haute-Bourgogne.

CHAMBON, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Creuse, arrond of Boussac. The cant. comprises 12 com. Pop. in 1831, 8,417; in 1841, 8,703. The town, called also ChambonVille, is situated in a fertile basin, at the confluence of the Tardes and Vouize, 18 m. SE of Boussac. Pop. 2,125. It contains extensive tanneries, and possesses a considerable trade in cattle. Fairs are held monthly. This town is supposed to have been the cap. of the ancient Cambiovicenses, and still contains the ruins of a temple attributed to that people, as well as some Roman antiquities.-Also a commune in the dep. of the Loir-et-Cher, cant. of Herbault. Pop. 607. Wine is grown in the environs. Also a commune in the dep. of Puy-de-Dôme, cant. of Besse. Pop. 1,115.-Also a hamlet in the dep. of the HauteVienne, cant. and 6 m. from Limoges and cant. of Condat. Pop. 128. Fine clay is extensively wrought in the environs.

CHAMBON (LE), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Haute-Loire, cant. of Tence, 12 m. SE of Yssingeaux. Pop. 2,400.

CHAMBON (LE), or LE CHAMBON-FEUGEROLLES, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Loire, arrond. of Saint-Etienne. The cant. comprises 10 com. Pop. in 1841, 16,408.-The town is 5 m. SW of Saint-Etienne. Pop. 4,028.

CHAMBONAS, a commune of France, in the dep. of Ardèche, cant. of Les Vans, on the Chassezac, 15 m. SW of Largentière. Pop. 1,286. CHAMBON-CAMPAGNE, a hamlet of France, in the dep. of the Creuse, cant. and com. of ChambonVille. Pop. 608.

CHAMBORD, a village of France, in the dep. of the Loir-et-Cher, cant. of Bracieux, on the 1. bank of the Cosson, 3 m. from the Loire, and 9 m. E of Blois. Pop. in 1841, 321. It contains a magnificent castle, founded by Francis I., and finished by Louis XIV., and formerly one of the principal residences of the kings of France. It is built of black stone, and contains a spiral staircase of remarkable structure. The park, enclosed by walls, comprises an area of 6,000 hectares, and is one of the finest in France. This castle was for many years the residence of Stanislaus Leczinsky, king of Poland. It was bestowed by Louis XV. in 1745 upon Marshal Saxe; by Louis XVI. upon the family of Polignac; and by Napoleon upon Marshal Berthier. In 1821 it was purchased for the duke of Bordeaux. The village possesses a few manufactories of woollen fabrics.

CHAMBOST-SUR-CHAMELET, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Rhone, cant. of SaintNizier-d'Azergues. Pop. 1,010.

CHAMBOST-SOUS-LONGESSEIGNE, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Rhone, cant. of Saint-Laurent-de-Chamousset, 27 m. W of Ly

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on, near the Loise. Pop. 1,633. It contains a bleachery. CHAMBOULIVE, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Corrèze, cant. of Seilhac, 15 m. N of Tulle. Pop. in 1841, 3,093. In the vicinity is a mine of sulphur.

CHAMBRAY, or CITTA-NOVA-DI-CHAMBRAY, the cap. of the island of Gozzo, in the Mediterranean. It is situated on the SE coast; and is defended by a strong citadel. It was founded in 1749.

CHAMBRE (LA), a town of Savoy, in the prov. of Maurienne, on the r. bank of the Arc, at the confluence of the Glandon, at an alt. of 1,610 ft. above sea-level, and 6 m. NW of S. Jean-de-Maurienne. Pop. 800. It contains an old castle.

CHAMBREY, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Meurthe, cant. and 4 m. from Chateau-Salins. Pop. 784. Gypsum is wrought in the environs. CHAMBRONCOURT, a village of France, in the dep. of the Haute-Marne, cant. of Saint-Blain. Pop. 220.

CHAM-CALLAO, a cluster of eight islands off the coast of Cochin-China, in N lat. 15° 54', within 15 m. of the S entrance of Turon harbour. Their aspect is bold and barren, covered with low wood, and bare masses of rock. On a bay on the SW side of the largest island, which is about 4 m. in length, is a small v. A strong current sets between these islands and the main.-About 17 m. to the SSE is a small islet known as Cham Callao False.

CHAMDO, CHANGTO, or TSIAMDO, a canton and town of Tibet, in Wei, or Anterior Tibet, at the confluence of the Bouroung or Satchou with, the Malchou or Omtchou, 360 m. NE of Lassa.

CHAMEIX, a village of France, in the dep. of Corrèze, cant. of Seilhac, 8 m. NW of Tulle. Pov. 1,082.

CHAMELET, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Rhone, cant. of Bois-d'Oingt, on the 1. bank of the Azergue, 11 m. W of Villefranche. Pop. 889. It contains manufactories of muslin, and calico bleacheries.

CHAMERY, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Marne, cant. of Verzy. Pop. 641. The environs afford good wine.

CHAMESSON, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Côte-d'Or, cant. and 6 m. SW of Châtillon-surSeine, on the r. bank of the Seine. Pop. 326. It contains some iron-works, and has three annual fairs.

CHAMEYRAC, or CHEMEIRAT, a commune of France, in the dep. of Corrèze, cant. and 4 m. W of Tulle. Pop. 1,338.

CHAMEZA, a town of New Grenada, in the intendancy of Cundinamarca, prov. and 30 m. SE of Tunja, on the Casiana.

CHAMISSO, an island of Russian America, in the bay of Good Hope, in Kotzebue's sound, in N lat. 66° 12', W long. 161° 46′. [Beechey.] Its surface is swampy, and rises to 231 ft. above the sea. The shores are steep, except on the E, where it ends in a low sandy point.

CHAMMES, a commune of France, in the dep. of Mayenne, cant. of Sainte-Suzanne. Pop. 1,100. CHAMO. See GOBI.

CHAMOGA, a river of Gojam in Abyssinia, which flows in a SSW course to the Abai, through the lower mountain country bounding that river. It is a deep rapid brook in the rainy season; but at other times its channel is almost without water.-Beke.

CHAMOND (SAINT), a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Loire, arrond. of Saint-Etienne.-The cant. comprises 9 com. Pop. in 1831, 20,696; in 1841, 22,073.-The town is situated in a fertile valley, at the confluence of the Gier

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