AS MADE IN 1866, IN A LEADING ENGLISH RAILWAY COMPANY'S ROLLING MILL.

BY P. BARNES, PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY.

(Read at the Wilkes-Barre Meeting, May, 1877.)

THE tabular statement accompanying this note shows the money cost in each of the three departments of manufacture, of 17 leading items, and also the proportion (expressed in a decimal fraction) which each of these items bears to the total cost.

The statement can hardly be taken for more than an average illustration of the clear showing of ratios and of results which may be made by such an arrangement, for not only will these items vary from month to month in any given works, but the methods themselves of manufacture differ widely in different works.

It is obvious that such a statement, however useful it may be, must be submitted with but exceedingly little explanation or discussion, or with none at all, for the reason that to enter at any satisfac

tory length upon the merits of the case would require a paper far exceeding the limit of this note:

AS KEPT DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE EDGAR THOMSON STEEL WORKS, PITTSBURGH, PA.

BY P. BARNES, PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY.

(Read at the Amenia Meeting, October, 1877.)

THE subdivisions of this account are numbered 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33, in the general series of construction accounts, and give the details of cost of the various items of the work, as noted below: Accounts 32 and 33 relate to hand-tools and to heaters, and, being quite small in total amount, are omitted in this statement.

The accounts were all as minutely subdivided as possible, and they show simply the sums of money paid for the materials or for the labor involved, the items being taken by permission from the orig inal vouchers filed in the office of the company.

All items less than $5, and all sums paid for freight, are omitted in making up the abstract, so that, while it does not show with absolute minuteness the details of cost, yet it may serve a useful technical or professional purpose as a basis for comparison with similar details of work executed elsewhere.

It may be needful to say, by way of brief explanation, that the boiler-house referred to is 46 feet wide by 180 feet long, and affords room for 20 boilers, of which 16 were erected, and are included in the statement of cost.

Each boiler is 5 feet diameter and 15 feet long, and had 40 44-inch tubes. Six tubes have since been removed from each boiler. The boilers are set in plain brick walls, the usual grate being placed beneath one end, and the gases return through the tubes and escape through a 75-foot iron chimney set in front of each boiler.

The item shown in account 31, for pipes and fittings, comprises all the material and labor expended for that purpose for conveying steam or water throughout the entire establishment. The "common pipe" comprises medium and small sizes, the "large pipe" simply large sizes of rolled pipe, while the "sheet-iron pipe" includes all riveted work made from sheet or plate iron. The hydraulic pipe is all of special thickness, for cranes and other special machinery using hydraulic pressure.

A copy of the list of accounts is appended to this paper for convenient reference.

1. Building.-Foundations; brickwork; timber and bolts in walls; roof; ovens and tracks; cupola piers; spiegel-furnace piers; casting-pit walls and iron coping; iron columns behind converters; window frames; hinge irons.

2. Blowing Engines.-Foundations; bolts and washers; air receiver.

3. Pressure Pumps.-Foundations; bolts and washers; accumulator; regulator with valves and platform.

4. Cupola Blowing Engine.--Foundations; bolts and washers.

5. Cupola Furnaces.--Bed-plates; stacks; brick lining; spouts for leading metal with their wheels and hangers; cupola ladles and scales.

6. Converters.-Foundations; bottoms; tuyere boxes; bottom cars and lift; rotating gear; stacks; stack lining.

7. Cranes.-Foundations; bolts and washers; top guides; ladles; stoppers; oven crane.

8. Cupola Lifts. - Foundations; frame; hydraulic cylinders; chains; valves; buggies for iron and coal.

9. Floor and Galleries.—At cupola base; at cupola charging doors; behind converters; brick paving; bins and shelves for materials.

10. Smaller Machines and Fixtures.-Crusher; pulverizer; grinding rolls; pug mill; cinder mill; shafting, couplings, and pulleys; shaft-hangers and wall-plates; belt; engine and fly-wheel; fan for spiegel furnace.

11. Spiegel Furnace.-Plates; brick lining; iron stack; damper. 12. Lift for Melted Iron.-Foundation; frame; cylinder and ram; car; valve.

. 13. Sheet-iron Pipes and Valves.-To regulator from receiver; to converters; to cupolas; to spiegel furnace.

14. Hand Tools. - For converters; for ladles; for cupolas; for engines; for cranes; for spiegel furnaces; for crushing apparatus; for bottom casting.

B. RAIL MILL.

15. Building.-Foundation for columns; base plates and setting; iron columns; roof.

16. Engine and Roll-Train Foundations.—Masonry; bolts and washers.

17. Large Engines.

18. Blooming Train.-Tables; regulator; belts; floor over pits. 19. Rail Train.

20. Smaller Engines and Fixtures.-Foundations; engine for punch, etc.; drills; presses; saws with engine and carriage; shafting; belts; rollers for transfer of rails.

21. Hot Bed.—Cold bed; strait plate; rollers from train. 22. Hammer.-Foundation; bolts and washers.

23. Cranes.-At bloom mill; to pile blooms; to change rolls; traveller in yard.

24. Hand Tools.-Wrenches; tongs; hooks at rolls and hammer, with runs and hangers; at drills; at press; at punch; sledges; telegraphs with tongs; buggies.

25. Track Scales.-Foundation.

26. Floor Plates.