British and Public Policy 1776-1939: An Economic, Social and Political PerspectiveCambridge University Press, 1983 - 431 strani The evolution of British public policy through the industrial revolution, the Victorian age and the inter-war years to 1939 is an essential element of British history. It is also a necessary preliminary to the understanding of today's policy choices as they confront governments. It has not previously been viewed as a totality, embodying the economic aspects, both macro and micro, together with social and welfare provision and the patterns of ideas affecting both. Sydney Checkland's treatment, first published in 1983, embraces all these aspects, and is set within the changing configuration of class and politics as the franchise extended. As successive governments responded to these challenges they sought to improve the operation of the market economy and to ease the social pressures that it generated. They had to find an acceptable level of consent to what they were doing; this often involved limiting the choices of individuals and of groups. Of the latter, in large-scale business the trade unions were an increasing problem. Reciprocally these interests tried both to limit the actions of governments as these affected themselves and, indeed, to influence the general course of policy. Account is taken of the fact that Britain was not one nation, but four, each with its perspective and aspirations. The pattern increases in complexity with the passage of time, so that the discussion of the First World War and the troubled decades of the twenties and thirties comprise the largest section of the book. |
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Vsebina
Introduction | 1 |
The state and the protoindustrial economy of Britain | 11 |
Core and periphery England Wales Scotland and Ireland | 32 |
Social values and social policy | 42 |
The trend to economic laissezfaire | 61 |
The social action equation and the Zeitgeist | 82 |
The market triumphant | 115 |
The state and the claims of labour | 127 |
Welfare and the social democratic urge | 227 |
The policy imperatives of war the reconstruction debate and the dismantlement of control 191421 | 261 |
The strains of nationalism Wales Scotland and Ireland | 277 |
The advent of peacetime macroeconomic management | 282 |
Micromanagement the restructuring of industry and agriculture the regions | 312 |
Micromanagement the public sector | 331 |
The business response | 340 |
The political and industrial attitudes of labour | 347 |
The advance of social collectivism | 135 |
The continued freedom of the market mechanism the stateinduced changes in its operating conditions | 163 |
Land and rule in England Wales Scotland and Ireland | 185 |
The emergence of a public sector chiefly at the local government level | 196 |
The assertion of the power of labour in industry and politics | 204 |
The welfare share its elements and adequacy | 370 |
Public policy by 1939 | 385 |
400 | |
413 | |
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British and Public Policy 1776-1939: An Economic, Social and Political ... S. G. Checkland Predogled ni na voljo - 1983 |
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action Adam Smith agriculture authorities Bank of England basis became Bevin Board Britain British capital central century challenge chapter Chartist Church of England cities civil coal Committee concerned continued corn law costs demand dominant economic effect efficiency element employers enforce English especially extended factory gold gold standard housing improve income industrial interest involved Ireland Irish Joseph Chamberlain Labour Party land landlords largely legislation Liberal London middle classes monetary money supply moral Moreover namely nationalisation nonconformists operation organisation parish parliament parliamentary political poor law possible principle prisons problem production programme promote proposed protection question radical railways rates reform regulation responsibility role scale schools Scotland Scottish sector sense social society strike strike action subsidy syndicalist tariff Treasury unemployment wages Wales welfare workers working-class